Psychological perspectives on justice: Judgments of distributive justice
Psychological perspectives on justice: Judgments of distributive justice
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正义的心理学视角：分配正义的判断
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发表时间：
1993
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
M. Yaari
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Bar;M. Yaari
背景考虑三种通常被称为分配正义的基本心理规则的表述，这些表述在从古代到现在的时间跨度中得到了表达。“正义至少涉及四个方面，即两个人的正义和两个份额的正义。而且，份额之间的平等与人之间的平等是一样的，因为份额之间的比例将等于人之间的比例;因为如果人不平等，他们就不会有平等的份额”（亚里士多德，1967，第269页）。在一个更现代的表述中，Jouvenel（1957，第149页）同样指出，人们“发现正义的是，在人们之间，对于任何有问题的东西，保持着同样的相对位置，就像在同一个人之间，对于其他东西一样”。霍曼斯（Homans，1961，p.249）对这一规则的表述更为正式：“分配正义涉及.两个人（P1和P2）之间的关系，其中一个人可以被评估为高于、等于或低于另一个人;以及他们的两个份额，或.奖励，R1和R2。分配公平的条件满足时...：P1/P2 = R1 R2“。亚当斯（1965）、安德森（1976）和沃尔斯特、伯沙伊德和沃尔斯特（1973）也提出了类似的模型。
Background Consider three formulations of what is often referred to as the basic psychological rule of distributive justice, which were expressed over a time span ranging from antiquity to the present. “Justice involves at least four terms, namely two persons for whom it is just and two shares which are just. And there will be the same equality between the shares as between the persons, since the ratio between the shares will be equal to the ratio between the persons; for if the persons are not equal, they will not have equal shares” (Aristotle, 1967, p. 269). In a more contemporary formulation, Jouvenel (1957, p. 149) stated similarly that what people “find just is to preserve between men as regards whatever is in question the same relative positions as exist between the same men as regards something else”. Homans (1961, p. 249) expressed this rule somewhat more formally, as follows: “Distributive justice involves a relationship between … two persons, P 1 and P 2 , one of whom can be assessed as higher than, equal to, or lower than, the other; and their two shares, or … rewards, R 1 and R 2 . The condition of distributive justice is satisfied when … : P 1 / P 2 = R 1 R 2 ”. Similar models were suggested by Adams (1965), Anderson (1976), and Walster, Berscheid, & Walster (1973).