Ultrasonic drug delivery--a general review.
Ultrasonic drug delivery--a general review.
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DOI：
10.1517/17425247.1.1.37
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发表时间：
2004-11-01
影响因子：
6.6
通讯作者：
Staples, Bryant J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pitt, William G;Husseini, Ghaleb A;Staples, Bryant J
超声波在治疗药物的递送中具有越来越重要的作用，包括遗传物质、蛋白质和化疗剂。空化气体体，如微泡，是介体，通过它相对非相互作用的压力波的能量被集中，以产生渗透细胞膜和破坏携带药物的囊泡的力。因此，微泡的存在极大地增强了遗传物质、蛋白质和较小化学试剂的超声递送。许多报告表明，最有效的遗传物质的传递发生在空化微泡的存在下。将DNA直接附着在微泡或含气体的脂质体上，可以进一步增强基因的摄取。超声增强基因递送已经在各种组织中进行了研究，包括心脏、血管、骨骼肌、肿瘤甚至胎儿组织。超声波辅助蛋白质递送在胰岛素的经皮转运中应用最多。空化事件可逆地破坏角质层的结构，以允许这些大分子的运输。其他激素和小分子蛋白质也可以透皮给药。在研究环境中，小的化疗分子从暴露于超声的胶束和脂质体中递送。空化似乎起着两个作用：它破坏载体囊泡的结构并释放药物;并使细胞膜和毛细血管对药物更具渗透性。仍然需要更好地理解微泡空化的物理学以及这种空化对细胞和载药囊泡的影响。
Ultrasound has an ever-increasing role in the delivery of therapeutic agents, including genetic material, protein and chemotherapeutic agents. Cavitating gas bodies, such as microbubbles, are the mediators through which the energy of relatively non-interactive pressure waves is concentrated to produce forces that permeabilise cell membranes and disrupt the vesicles that carry drugs. Thus, the presence of microbubbles enormously enhances ultrasonic delivery of genetic material, proteins and smaller chemical agents. Numerous reports show that the most efficient delivery of genetic material occurs in the presence of cavitating microbubbles. Attaching the DNA directly to the microbubbles, or to gas-containing liposomes, enhances gene uptake even further. Ultrasonic-enhanced gene delivery has been studied in various tissues, including cardiac, vascular, skeletal muscle, tumour and even fetal tissue. Ultrasonic-assisted delivery of proteins has found most application in transdermal transport of insulin. Cavitation events reversibly disrupt the structure of the stratus corneum to allow transport of these large molecules. Other hormones and small proteins could also be delivered transdermally. Small chemotherapeutic molecules are delivered in research settings from micelles and liposomes exposed to ultrasound. Cavitation appears to play two roles: it disrupts the structure of the carrier vesicle and releases the drug; and makes cell membranes and capillaries more permeable to drugs. There remains a need to better understand the physics of cavitation of microbubbles and the impact that such cavitation has on cells and drug-carrying vesicles.