Management of nausea and vomiting in the cancer patient.
Management of nausea and vomiting in the cancer patient.
复制标题
癌症患者恶心和呕吐的治疗。
DOI：
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发表时间：
1981
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
C. Moertel
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Frytak;C. Moertel
恶心和呕吐是癌症患者中最常见和最令人痛苦的问题之一，特别是如果患者正在接受化疗或放疗。如果不加以控制，恶心和呕吐将导致营养摄入减少、严重的代谢紊乱、患者精神和身体状况的恶化以及可能对恶性疾病的潜在有用治疗的排斥。因此，控制这些症状对患者的健康和生存至关重要。呕吐反射的机制复杂的呕吐反射的协调是通过位于延髓背外侧网状结构的“呕吐中枢”完成的。对这一区域的输入来自若干来源。上消化道（GI）的内脏通过迷走神经和交感神经发送冲动。放射治疗、恶性疾病的胃肠道受累以及某些药物可能通过该途径诱发呕吐。
NAUSEA and vomiting are among the most common and distressing problems that the physician is called on to resolve in the cancer patient, particularly if the patient is undergoing chemotherapy or radiation therapy. If left unchecked, nausea and vomiting will result in depressed nutritional intake, serious metabolic derangements, deterioration of the patient's mental and physical condition, and possible rejection of potentially useful treatment of the malignant disease. Thus, control of these symptoms is essential for the patient's well-being and survival. Mechanisms of the Vomiting Reflex The coordination of the complex vomiting reflex is accomplished through the "vomiting center," located in the dorsolateral reticular formation of the medulla. Afferent input to this region comes from a number of sources. The viscera of the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract send impulses through the vagii and sympathetic nerves. Radiation therapy, GI involvement with malignant disease, and some drugs may induce vomiting through this pathway.