The complexity of empathy during medical school training: evidence for positive changes.
The complexity of empathy during medical school training: evidence for positive changes.
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DOI：
10.1111/medu.13398
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发表时间：
2017-11
影响因子：
6
通讯作者：
Decety J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Smith KE;Norman GJ;Decety J
Empathy is an essential aspect of clinical care, associated with improved patient satisfaction, increased adherence to treatment, and fewer malpractice complaints. Previous studies suggest that empathy declines during medical training. However, this past research relied on a single narrowly operationalized self-report measure of empathy. As empathy is a complex socio-emotional construct, it is critical to assess changes across its distinct components using multiple measures, to better understand how medical training influences empathy. In a longitudinal design, medical students completed a series of self-report and behavioral measures twice a year during the first three years of their study (2012 – 2015). These included the previously used Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy (JSE), designed to assess empathy in the clinical context, the Questionnaire of Cognitive and Affective Empathy (QCAE), designed to assess overall empathy and its main components, and behavioral measures of sensitivity to others’ pain and understanding of other’s emotions, both important aspects of empathy. Employing multiple measures allowed for a more complete assessment of medical students’ empathy and related processes. Replicating previous work, students’ empathy assessed by the JSE decreased over training. However, on the QCAE, aspects of students empathy, specifically overall cognitive empathy and it’s subcomponent perspective-taking and the emotion contagion subcomponent of affective empathy improved while the remaining subcomponents stayed stable. Students also exhibited comparable growth in their understanding of others’ emotions and increased sensitivity for others’ pain during medical school. Changes in empathy during medical school cannot be simply characterized as an overall decline. Indeed, aspects of empathy thought to be valuable in positive patient physician interactions improve during training. Overall, this study points to the importance of assessing the distinct components of empathy using multiple forms of measurement in order to better understand the mechanisms involved in empathy changes in medical practice.
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