The role of suppression and enhancement in understanding metaphors
The role of suppression and enhancement in understanding metaphors
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DOI：
10.1006/jmla.2000.2782
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发表时间：
2001-10-01
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Werner, NK
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gernsbacher, MA;Keysar, B;Werner, NK
参与者阅读一个隐喻性的基本句，如辩护律师是一条鲨鱼，或一个基线基本句。在实验1（e）中，基线启动句是字面意义的。例如，在一个实施例中，那个大锤头是鲨鱼），在实验2中是荒谬的（例如，他的英文笔记本是一条鲨鱼），与实验3无关（例如，（这个学生是个小丑。在阅读了基本句之后，参与者验证了目标属性陈述。对与上位范畴相关的属性陈述（例如，鲨鱼是顽强的）的验证延迟在被试阅读隐喻启动句后比在他们阅读基线启动句后更快，产生了增强效应。相比之下，用于仅与车辆的基本级别含义相关而不与上级含义相关的属性语句的验证延迟（例如，鲨鱼是游泳健将）对隐喻启动句的反应比对基线启动句的反应慢，产生了抑制效应。正如Glucksberg和Keysar（1990）的隐喻类包含理论所预测的那样，增强和抑制效应表明隐喻的施事代表了施事的上位范畴，而不是其基本层面的意义。(C)北京：科学出版社.
Participants read either a metaphorical prime sentence, such as That defense lawyer is a shark, or a baseline-prime sentence. The baseline-prime sentence was literally meaningful in Experiment 1 (e. g., That large hammer-head is a shark), nonsensical in Experiment 2 (e.g., His English notebook is a shark), and unrelated in Experiment 3 (e.g., That new student is a clown). After reading the prime sentence, participants verified a target property statement. Verification latencies for property statements relevant to the superordinate category (e.g, Sharks are tenacious) were faster after participants read the metaphor-prime sentence than after they read the baseline-prime sentence, producing an enhancement effect. In contrast, verification latencies for property statements relevant to only the basic-level meaning of the vehicle and not the superordinate (e.g., Sharks are good swimmers) were slower following the metaphor-prime versus the baseline-prime sentence, producing a suppression effect. As Glucksberg and Keysar's (1990) class inclusion theory of metaphor predicts, the enhancement and suppression effects demonstrate that the vehicle of a metaphor stand,, for the superordinate category of the vehicle, and not for its basic-level meaning. (C) 2001 Academic Press.