The Mediating Role of Non-reactivity to Mindfulness Training and Cognitive Flexibility: A Randomized Controlled Trial
The Mediating Role of Non-reactivity to Mindfulness Training and Cognitive Flexibility: A Randomized Controlled Trial
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DOI：
10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01053
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发表时间：
2020-06
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Yingmin Zou;Ping Li;S. Hofmann;Xinghua Liu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Yingmin Zou;Ping Li;S. Hofmann;Xinghua Liu
正念训练已被证明对认知灵活性有有益的影响。然而，人们对产生这种效果的介质知之甚少。横断面研究表明，非判断性、非反应性和认知灵活性之间可能存在联系。关于非判断或非反应性是否介导正念训练对提高认知灵活性的有效性的纵向研究缺乏。本研究旨在检验正念训练对提高认知灵活性的作用，并检验这种作用是否由非判断性或非反应性介导。我们在2018年10月至2019年1月期间对54名非临床高压力参与者进行了单盲随机对照试验。参与者被随机分配到正念减压（MBSR）组或候补控制组。实验者对参与者的小组分配一无所知。正念减压组接受8周的疗程（每周2.5小时）和一天的静修（6小时），并要求在干预期间每天完成45分钟的正式练习。等候名单对照组在等候期间没有接受任何干预，在干预后接受为期2天（每天6小时）的正念训练。主要结果是在正念减压前后自我报告的认知灵活性和感知压力。次要结果是在治疗前、第3周、第6周和干预后测量的自我报告正念技能（包括非反应性和非判断性）。在认知灵活性方面，混合模型重复测量方差分析结果显示，时间、组对认知灵活性有显著的主效应，组间时间对认知灵活性有显著的交互作用。随访方差分析表明，正念减压组在认知灵活性方面比候补组有更大的改善。通径分析结果显示，治疗对治疗后认知灵活性的影响完全由第6周的无反应性介导。第3周非反应性、第3周和第6周非判断性的中介作用不显著。我们的研究结果支持正念减压在提高认知灵活性方面的功效。无反应性是正念减压训练对认知灵活性有效的一个重要因素。
Mindfulness training has been shown to have a beneficial effect on cognitive flexibility. However, little is known about the mediators that produce this effect. Cross-sectional studies show that there might be a link between Non-judgment, Non-reactivity and cognitive flexibility. Longitudinal studies examining whether Non-judgment or Non-reactivity mediate the effectiveness of mindfulness training on improving cognitive flexibility are lacking. The present study aims to test the effect of mindfulness training on increasing cognitive flexibility and to test whether this effect is mediated by Non-judgment or Non-reactivity. We conducted a single-blind randomized controlled trial in 54 nonclinical high-stress participants between October 2018 and January 2019. Participants were randomly assigned to a Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) group or a waitlist control group. The experimenters were blind to the group assignment of participants. The MBSR group received 8-weekly sessions (2.5-h per week) and a one-day retreat (6-h), and was required to accomplish a 45-min daily formal practice during the intervention. The waitlist control group did not receive any intervention during the waiting period and received a 2-day (6-h per day) mindfulness training after the post-intervention. The primary outcome was self-report cognitive flexibility and perceived stress administered before and after MBSR. The secondary outcome was self-report mindfulness skills (including Non-reactivity and Non-judgment) measured at pre-treatment, Week 3, Week 6, and post-intervention. For cognitive flexibility, mixed-model repeated-measure ANOVA results showed that there were significant main effects of Time, Group and a significant interaction of Time by Group. Follow-up ANOVA indicated that the MBSR group was associated with greater improvements in cognitive flexibility than the waitlist. Path analysis results showed that the effect of the treatment on cognitive flexibility at post-treatment was fully mediated by Non-reactivity at Week 6. The mediation effects of Non-reactivity at Week 3, and Non-judgment at Week 3 and Week 6 were not significant. Our findings support the efficacy of MBSR on improving cognitive flexibility. Non-reactivity is an important element of the effectiveness of MBSR training on cognitive flexibility.