THE VISUAL CLIFF
THE VISUAL CLIFF
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DOI：
10.1038/scientificamerican0460-64
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发表时间：
1960-01-01
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
WALK, RD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
GIBSON, EJ;WALK, RD
动物一旦有足够的运动能力，显然就能发展出辨别深度的能力，即使出生时就开始运动。这是通过一个简单的实验装置[长划线]确定的，一个视觉悬崖[长划线]由一大块沉重的玻璃组成，一半有一块图案材料与玻璃的底面齐平，另一半与材料躺在地板上，一英尺或更低。虽然玻璃的两面都是固体表面，但所有严重依赖视觉刺激的婴儿动物都喜欢“浅”的一面，当放在“深”的一面时，他们会恐惧地冻结或后退。夜间活动的动物，如老鼠，只要它们的触须能感觉到玻璃，就不会对浅的一面有什么偏好。两个视觉线索在深度知觉中起作用：“运动视差”和图案的相对大小。为了区分这些线索，使用了不同大小和不同位置的图案。结果是可变的，学习可能在对较大图案的偏好中发挥一定作用。在黑暗中饲养的动物表明，只有运动视差是一个天生的线索深度描述。
An animal apparently develops the ability to discriminate depth as soon as its locomotion is adequate, even when locomotion begins at birth. This was determined by means of a simple experimental device[long dash] a visual cliff[long dash]which consists of a large sheet of heavy glass, one half with a piece of patterned material placed flush against the underside of the glass, the other half with the material lying on the floor, a,foot or more below. Although both sides of the glass present a solid surface, all infant animals which rely heavily on visual stimuli perfer the "shallow" side and freeze in terror or back away when placed over the "deep" side. Nocturnal animals, such as rats, show little preference for the shallow side so long as they can feel the glass with their vibrissae. Two visual clues play a role in depth perception: "motion parallax" and the relative size of the pattern. In order to separate these clues, patterns of different size and different placement were used. The results were variable, and learning may play some part in the preference exhibited for the larger pattern. Dark-reared animals show that only motion parallax is an innate clue for depth descrimination.