Key traits for ruminant livestock across diverse production systems in the context of climate change: perspectives from a global platform of research farms
Key traits for ruminant livestock across diverse production systems in the context of climate change: perspectives from a global platform of research farms
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DOI：
10.1071/rd20205
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发表时间：
2021-01-01
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Lee, Michael R. F.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rivero, M. Jordana;Lopez-Villalobos, Nicolas;Lee, Michael R. F.
反刍牲畜在全球不同的文化和环境生产系统下饲养。反刍家畜可以在粮食安全方面发挥关键作用，它们提供高质量、营养丰富的食物，很少或根本没有对耕地的竞争，同时通过重要的有机质回报改善土壤健康。然而，在气候变化和土地资源有限的背景下，以反刍动物为基础的系统的作用是不确定的，因为它们的饲料转化效率低（每公斤产品所需的饲料公斤），并且作为肠道发酵的副产品产生甲烷。不断增长的人口将需要更多的动物蛋白，这将给地球的行星边界带来更大的压力，并进一步加剧气候变化。因此，全球畜牧业生产面临着减少排放和适应气候变化的双重挑战。这需要以研究为主导的动植物育种和喂养策略，以优化反刍动物系统。这项研究整理了来自全球研究农场网络的信息，反映了全球不同地区的各种反刍动物生产系统。利用这些信息，得出了与每个系统相关的遗传和营养方法的关键变化，如果实施这些变化，将有助于塑造更可持续的未来反刍牲畜系统。
Ruminant livestock are raised under diverse cultural and environmental production systems around the globe. Ruminant livestock can play a critical role in food security by supplying high-quality, nutrient-dense food with little or no competition for arable land while simultaneously improving soil health through vital returns of organic matter. However, in the context of climate change and limited land resources, the role of ruminant-based systems is uncertain because of their reputed low efficiency of feed conversion (kilogram of feed required per kilogram of product) and the production of methane as a by-product of enteric fermentation. A growing human population will demand more animal protein, which will put greater pressure on the Earth's planetary boundaries and contribute further to climate change. Therefore, livestock production globally faces the dual challenges of mitigating emissions and adapting to a changing climate. This requires research-led animal and plant breeding and feeding strategies to optimise ruminant systems. This study collated information from a global network of research farms reflecting a variety of ruminant production systems in diverse regions of the globe. Using this information, key changes in the genetic and nutritional approaches relevant to each system were drawn that, if implemented, would help shape more sustainable future ruminant livestock systems.