Optimal Contrast Agent Staining of Ligaments and Tendons for X-Ray Computed Tomography.
Optimal Contrast Agent Staining of Ligaments and Tendons for X-Ray Computed Tomography.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0153552
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Shearer T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Balint R;Lowe T;Shearer T
x射线计算机断层扫描已成为研究生物软组织（如韧带和肌腱）微观结构的重要工具。由于此类组织的x射线衰减较低，因此在扫描过程中通常需要化学造影剂来增强对比度。本文对碘化钾碘溶液、磷钨酸和磷钼酸三种造影剂的造影剂效果进行了评价和比较。以猪前交叉韧带、髌骨肌腱、内侧副韧带和外侧副韧带为研究基础。四种韧带/肌腱类型中的每一种都有三个样本被分配了不同的对比剂（总共十二个样本），并且通过每天进行扫描来监测该对比剂在组织中的进展，总共持续五天（总共60次扫描）。由于样本在第一天没有染色，到最后一次扫描时，它们已经被染色了四天。测量了相对对比度增强和组织变形。观察到碘碘化钾溶液渗透样品的速度最快，平均造成的样品收缩最小（尽管在最后扫描时观察到明显的变形），而磷钼酸引起的样品收缩最大。描述对比剂的观察行为的方程式，可用于预测韧带和肌腱x射线计算机断层扫描的最佳染色时间。
X-ray computed tomography has become an important tool for studying the microstructures of biological soft tissues, such as ligaments and tendons. Due to the low X-ray attenuation of such tissues, chemical contrast agents are often necessary to enhance contrast during scanning. In this article, the effects of using three different contrast agents—iodine potassium iodide solution, phosphotungstic acid and phosphomolybdic acid—are evaluated and compared. Porcine anterior cruciate ligaments, patellar tendons, medial collateral ligaments and lateral collateral ligaments were used as the basis of the study. Three samples of each of the four ligament/tendon types were each assigned a different contrast agent (giving a total of twelve samples), and the progression of that agent through the tissue was monitored by performing a scan every day for a total period of five days (giving a total of sixty scans). Since the samples were unstained on day one, they had been stained for a total of four days by the time of the final scans. The relative contrast enhancement and tissue deformation were measured. It was observed that the iodine potassium iodide solution penetrated the samples fastest and caused the least sample shrinkage on average (although significant deformation was observed by the time of the final scans), whereas the phosphomolybdic acid caused the greatest sample shrinkage. Equations describing the observed behaviour of the contrast agents, which can be used to predict optimal staining times for ligament and tendon X-ray computed tomography, are presented.