Pragmatics in understanding what is said
Pragmatics in understanding what is said
复制标题
理解所说内容的语用学
DOI：
10.1016/s0010-0277(96)00724-x
复制
发表时间：
1997
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Jessica F. Moise
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. Gibbs;Jessica F. Moise
认知科学中的一个核心主张是，说话者经常说一些不确定的事情，这些事情是通过他们在上下文中使用话语来暗示的。例如，在说Jane has three children时，说话者可能只会说Jane至少有三个孩子，也可能不止三个，但说话者的话语暗示Jane正好有三个孩子。格赖斯之后的许多学者从这些观察中认为，语用学在决定说话者说什么方面只起了很小的作用，而不是他们在谈话中暗示或暗示什么。我们考察了人们对说话者所说的话或所说的话与他们通过不同的指示性话语所暗示的内容之间的区别的直觉，例如Jane has three children。来自四个实验的数据表明，人们并不等同于最小意义（即，简至少有三个孩子，可能有三个以上）与说话者所说的话，但假设丰富的语用学在确定所说的话中起着重要作用（即，简有三个孩子）。人们进一步认识到说话者所说的话或所说的话与说话者在特定语境中暗示的话之间的区别（例如，简结婚了）。这些数据支持了认知科学中的话语理解理论，即语用学强烈影响着人们对说话者所说和交际内容的理解。
A central claim in cognitive science is that speakers often say things which underdetermine what they imply by their use of utterances in context. For example, in uttering Jane has three children a speaker might only say that Jane has at least three children and may have more than three, but the speaker's utterance implicates that Jane has exactly three children. Many scholars following Grice have argued from such observations that pragmatics plays only a small part in determining what speakers say, as opposed to what they conversationally imply or implicate. We examined people's intuitions about the distinction between what speakers say, or what is said, and what they implicate by different indicative utterances, such as Jane has three children. The data from four experiments demonstrate that people do not equate a minimal meaning (i.e., Jane has at least three children and may have more than three) with what a speaker says, but assume that enriched pragmatics plays a significant role in determining what is said (i.e., Jane has exactly three children). People further recognize a distinction between what speakers say, or what is said, and what speakers implicate in particular contexts (e.g., Jane is married). These data lend support to theories of utterance interpretation in cognitive science that pragmatics strongly influences people's understanding of what speakers both say and communicate.
DOI：
--
发表时间：
2005
期刊：
Theoretical Approaches to Natural Language
影响因子：
--
作者：
MITO;Hiroshi
通讯作者：
Hiroshi