Gender and science in development: Women scientists in Ghana, Kenya, and India
Gender and science in development: Women scientists in Ghana, Kenya, and India
复制标题
DOI：
10.1177/0162243904265895
复制
发表时间：
2004-09-01
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Shrum, W
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Campion, P;Shrum, W
为什么女性在追求研究事业上比男性更困难？尽管工业化国家已经对这一主题进行了广泛的研究，但以前的研究几乎没有提供来自欠发达地区的比较证据。基于对加纳、肯尼亚和印度喀拉拉邦293名科学家的调查，本文考察了性别在各种个人、社会和组织维度上的差异。研究结果显示，男女在个人特征、专业资源和进行研究的组织条件方面存在微小或不存在差异。文章认为，教育和研究地方主义的结合增加了女性受到限制的职业网络的可能性。发展中世界研究系统中的性别不平等可能是建立在获取社会资源而不是物质资源方面的系统性缺陷的基础上。最重要的含义是，教育促进发展的政策在不久的将来应侧重于妇女的国际机会。
Why do women have more difficulty pursuing research careers than men? Although this topic has been extensively investigated in industrialized countries, prior studies provide little comparative evidence from less-developed areas. Based on a survey of 293 scientists in Ghana, Kenya, and the Indian state of Kerala, this article examines gender differences on a variety of individual, social, and organizational dimensions. The results show small or nonexistent differences between women and men in individual characteristics, professional resources, and the organizational conditions under which research is conducted. The article argues that a combination of educational and research localism increases the likelihood of restricted professional networks for women. Gender inequality in the research systems of the developing world may be based on systemic deficits in the acquisition of social rather than material resources. The most important implication is that educational policy for development should focus on international opportunities for women in the near future.