The impact of surface heterogeneity on the diurnal cycle of deep convection
The impact of surface heterogeneity on the diurnal cycle of deep convection
复制标题
地表非均质性对深层对流日循环的影响
DOI：
10.1002/qj.4371
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
8.9
通讯作者：
Harvey N
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Harvey N
尽管最近有所改进，但在利用参数化对流捕获热带地区降水日循环的相位和振幅方面，模式模拟仍然存在主要缺陷。在非均匀地表条件的区域，困难尤其严重，因为模拟不仅需要适当地响应来自地表通量的局部强迫，而且还需要捕捉与近地表中尺度环流的相互作用。在这里，我们通过使用被称为Met Office NERC云模型（MONC）的云解析模拟，对非均匀表面上的深层对流进行理想的云解析模拟，来检查这种情况。在这些模拟中，我们发现降水的形成优先于干燥和温暖斑块（“dry”），而不是湿和冷斑块（“wet”），峰值降水率相差约4倍。与湿区相比，干区降水开始时间约早1.5小时。在干湿斑块内，降水的空间分布也存在显著差异。然后，这些云解析模拟被用作基准，以评估使用参数化对流的模拟行为，使用英国气象局统一模型（MetUM）的理想配置进行模拟。MetUM模拟产生的响应在质量上与云解析模拟有一些相似之处。特别是，虽然对流参数化的模拟过早地开始降水，但它们能够捕获DRY和WET斑块的日平均降水量的相对量。我们建议，云解析模拟可以进一步用于研究完全交互表面方案的影响，并作为基准模拟来评估新的参数化方案。
Despite some recent improvements, major deficiencies remain in model simulations using parameterised convection in capturing both the phase and amplitude of the daily cycle of precipitation in tropical regions. The difficulties are particularly acute in regions of heterogeneous surface conditions, since the simulations need not only to respond appropriately to the local forcing from surface fluxes but also to capture the interactions with near‐surface mesoscale circulations. Here, we examine such a situation by means of idealised cloud‐resolving simulations of deep convection over a heterogeneous surface, performed using the cloud‐resolving simulation known as the Met Office NERC Cloud model (MONC). In these simulations, we show that precipitation forms preferentially over dry and warm patches (“DRY”) compared with wet and cold patches (“WET”), with the peak precipitation rates differing by a factor of approximately 4. The initiation of precipitation occurs approximately 1.5 hr earlier in the DRY patches compared with the WET patches. Moreover, within the WET and DRY patches there are marked differences in the spatial distribution of the precipitation. These cloud‐resolving simulations are then used as a benchmark to assess the behaviour of simulations using parameterised convection, performed using the idealised configuration of the Met Office Unified Model (MetUM). The MetUM simulations produce a response with some qualitative similarities to the cloud‐resolving simulations. In particular, although the simulations with parameterised convection initiate precipitation too early, they are capable of capturing the relative amounts of daily‐mean precipitation in the DRY and WET patches. We propose that the cloud‐resolving simulations could be used further to investigate the impact of fully interactive surface schemes and as benchmark simulations to evaluate new parameterisation schemes.
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