New insights into functional aspects of liver morphology
New insights into functional aspects of liver morphology
复制标题
DOI：
10.1080/01926230590881826
复制
发表时间：
2005-01-01
影响因子：
1.5
通讯作者：
Maronpot, RR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Malarkey, DE;Johnson, K;Maronpot, RR
肝脏的结构和功能都很复杂，被认为其复杂性仅次于大脑。这种异质组织中仍然存在许多谜团，其小叶的功能单位在 300 多年来一直困扰着形态学家。松本 (Matsumoto) 于 1979 年提出的初级小叶概念，作为肝脏的功能单位，比其他概念观点更被接受，因为它基于血管结构，并将经典小叶作为次要特征。尽管肝细胞几乎占肝脏的 80%，但至少还有十几种细胞类型。其中许多提供“串扰”并在正常和患病肝脏中发挥重要的功能作用。在研究数据的分析和解释中，特别是基因组学和基因表达结果的“表型锚定”领域的数据，必须仔细考虑肝脏中所有细胞的分布和功能作用。关于各种肝细胞类型（包括肝细胞、肝星状细胞、肝窦内皮细胞和库普弗细胞）功能异质性的发现，为我们了解肝病的发生、预防和治疗提供了新的见解。例如，已经证明了窦内皮、库普弗细胞和肝细胞沿着带状模式（小叶中心或门静脉周围）的功能差异，并且可以解释小叶内观察到的疾病的梯度和表现。肝细胞小叶内胆汁摄取、糖原消耗、谷氨酰胺合成酶和羧酸酯酶的梯度；小叶中心窦内衬细胞开窗扩大；小叶中心细胞外基质的成分或库普弗细胞功能的差异已被证明。对肝脏复杂性和异质性的认识将有助于更好地了解肝功能和导致毒性、癌症和其他疾病的疾病过程。
The liver is structurally and functionally complex and has been considered second only to brain in its complexity. Many mysteries still exist in this heterogeneous tissue whose functional unit of the lobule has continued to stump morphologists for over 300 years. The primary lobule, proposed by Matsumoto in 1979, has been gaining acceptance as the functional unit of the liver over other conceptual views because it's based on vessel architecture and includes the classic lobule as a secondary feature. Although hepatocytes comprise almost 80% of the liver, there are at least another dozen cell types. many of which provide "cross-talk" and play important functional roles in the normal and diseased liver. The distribution and functional roles of all cells in the liver must be carefully considered in both the analysis and interpretation of research data, particularly data in the area of genomics and "phenotypic anchoring" of gene expression results. Discoveries regarding the functional heterogeneity of the various liver cell types, including hepatocytes, hepatic stellate cells, sinusoidal endothelia, and Kupffer cells, are providing new insights into our understanding of the development, prevention and treatment of liver disease. For example, functional differences along zonal patterns (centrilobular or periportal) have been demonstrated for sinusoidal endothelium, Kupffer Cells, and hepatocytes and can explain the gradients and manifestations of disease observed within lobules. Intralobular gradients of bile uptake, glycogen depletion, glutamine synthetase, and carboxylesterase by hepatocytes; widened fenestrations in centrilobular sinusoidal lining cells; and differences in the components of centrilobular extracellular matrix or function of Kupffer cells have been demonstrated. Awareness of the complexities and heterogeneity of the liver will add to a greater understanding of liver function and disease processes that lead to toxicity, cancer, and other diseases.