DefLog: on the Logical Interpretation of Prima Facie Justified Assumptions
DefLog: on the Logical Interpretation of Prima Facie Justified Assumptions
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DefLog：关于初步合理假设的逻辑解释
DOI：
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发表时间：
2003
影响因子：
0.7
通讯作者：
Bart Verheij
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bart Verheij
假设通常不被认为是绝对正确的，而只是被初步证明是正确的。例如，当一个假设表面上是合理的，就可能有一个反对它的理由，而这个假设实际上并不是合理的。这个假设被认为是失败的。这就需要根据模型对假设集合进行逻辑解释的标准概念进行修订。然而，在一组假设的模型中，所有假设都被认为是真的，对表面上被证明正确的假设的解释必须区分在解释中实际被证明正确的假设和那些被证明错误的假设。本文研究了初步证明假设的逻辑解释。中心思想是对一系列假设的辩证解释。其基本思想是，一个表面上被证明的假设实际上并不是被证明的，而是当它的所谓辩证否定被证明时就失败了。通过考察部分辩证解释或阶段，并建立辩证证明的概念，分析了辩证解释的性质。后者导致了对一组假设的存在和多样性的辩证解释的特征。由于辩证解释是稳定语义的一种变体，因此这些结果与现有的非单调逻辑和可否定推理的工作有关，而本工作正是建立在这些工作的基础上的。目前的方法是以句子为基础的，而不是专注于可推翻的规则或论点。一个特别的创新是使用初步证明的条件句（就像其他假设一样），而不是不确定的条件句。
Assumptions are often not considered to be definitely true, but only as prima facie justified. When an assumption is prima facie justified, there can for instance be a reason against it, by which the assumption is not actually justified. The assumption is then said to be defeated. This requires a revision of the standard conception of logical interpretation of sets of assumptions in terms of their models. Whereas in the models of a set of assumptions, all assumptions are taken to be true, an interpretation of prima facie justified assumptions must distinguish between the assumptions that are actually justified in the interpretation and those that are defeated. In the present paper, the logical interpretation of prima facie justified assumptions is investigated. The central notion is that of a dialectical interpretation of a set of assumptions. The basic idea is that a prima facie justified assumption is not actually justified, but defeated when its so-called dialectical negation is justified. The properties of dialectical interpretation are analysed by considering partial dialectical interpretations, or stages, and by establishing the notion of dialectical justification. The latter leads to a characterization of the existence and multiplicity of the dialectical interpretations of a set of assumptions. Since dialectical interpretations are a variant of stable semantics, the results are relevant for existing work on nonmonotonic logic and defeasible reasoning, on which the present work builds. Instead of focusing on defeasible rules or arguments, the present approach is sentence-based. A particular innovation is the use of a conditional that is prima facie justified (just like other assumptions) instead of an inconclusive conditional.