産業メンタル・ヘルスにおけるパースン・センタード・アプローチの研究と実践
産業メンタル・ヘルスにおけるパースン・センタード・アプローチの研究と実践
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以人为本的工业心理健康研究与实践
DOI：
10.1539/joh1959.34.18
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发表时间：
1992
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
嘉朗 林田
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
陽 池見;進也 久保田;悦子 野田;富田 小百合;嘉朗 林田
本研究的目的是阐明以人为本的方法（PCAp）的理论和在职业心理健康的研究和实践。首先，回顾了罗杰斯的人本主义理论。其次，通过对1661名员工的问卷调查，发现员工的疲劳、抑郁和焦虑等心理变量与员工对上司的人本态度、民主领导和工作场所的整体激活的感知呈负相关。FG，DP和AX的显着差异被发现的工人认为他们的上司具有高或低PCA。工人谁报告说，他们的上司有高PCA的FG，DP和AX显着低于那些认为他们的上司为低PCA。当比较高DEM/低DEM和高ACT/低ACT时，工人的FG、DP和AX也得到了类似的结果。因此，工作上级的PCA被认为是积极相关的工人的心理健康。第三，介绍并评价了PCA在工业中的培训。共有137名学员（经理）进行了积极的倾听，在PCAp的基本技能，并填写了一份关系清单后，立即评价自己作为听众和他们的合作伙伴作为听众。第一次和最后一次训练的分数比较显示，在最后一次训练中，无论是演讲者版本还是听众版本的关系量表，共情、一致性和无条件积极关注都有显着增加。与会者介绍了一些案例，这些案例表明，由于PCA培训，工作场所的人际关系发生了变化，这些案例由受训人员报告，并得到一名职业保健护士的证实。这项研究表明，PCA与工人的心理健康呈正相关，可以作为培训的结果增加。这些研究的影响进行了讨论，并提出了进一步研究的各种可能性，使用的概念PCAp。作者希望这种职业心理健康的观点能在职业医学领域的研究和实践中取得丰硕的成果。
The objective of this study was to articulate the person-centered approach (PCAp) in theory and in the research and practice of occupational mental health. First, Carl Rogers' person-centered theory was reviewed. Secondly, a study on 1, 661 workers was presented in which psychological variables such as fatigue (FG), depression (DP) and anxiety (AX) were found to be negatively correlated with relationship scales concerning the workers' perception of the person-centered attitudes (PCA) of their superiors, the democratic leadership of their superiors (DEM) and the overall activation (ACT) of their worksites. Significant differences in FG, DP and AX were found among workers who perceived of their superiors as having either high or low PCA. Workers who reported that their superiors had high PCA had significantly less FG, DP and AX than those who perceived of their superiors as having low PCA. Similar results were also obtained when high DEM/low DEM and high ACT/low ACT were compared in terms of workers' FG, DP and AX. Thus, the PCA of job superiors was considered to be positively related to the mental health of workers. Thirdly, PCA training in industry was introduced and evaluated. A total of 137 trainees (managers) conducted active listening, a basic skill in the PCAp, and filled out a relationship inventory immediately afterwards, evaluating themselves as listeners and their partners as listeners. A comparison of scores between the first and last sessions of training showed significant increases in empathy, congruence and unconditional positive regard at the last session in both the speakers' version and the listeners' version of the relationship inventory. Cases showing changes in human relations at work as a consequence of PCA training, reported by the trainees and confirmed by an occupational health nurse, were presented. This study showed that PCA, which is positively related to workers' mental health, can increase as a result of training. The implications of these studies are discussed and various possibilities for further research using the concepts of PCAp are presented. The authors hope that such a viewpoint in occupational mental health may lead to fruitful research and practice in the field of occupational medicine.