Evidence for carbon monoxide as the major factor contributing to lower fetal weights in rats exposed to cigarette smoke
Evidence for carbon monoxide as the major factor contributing to lower fetal weights in rats exposed to cigarette smoke
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DOI：
10.1093/toxsci/kfn009
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发表时间：
2008-04-01
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Rajendran, Narayanan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Carmines, Edward L.;Rajendran, Narayanan
怀孕期间吸烟的主要影响之一是生出出生体重较低的孩子。以前已经在实验条件下在大鼠中证明，暴露于参考香烟烟雾会导致出生体重减少(E. L. Carmines等，2003,Toxicol。科学通报，25 (3):444 - 444；C. L. Gaworski等，2004，毒物。科学通报，23(5):481 - 481。通过暴露在香烟烟雾中发现的浓度的怀孕时间的Sprague-Dawley大鼠，评估了各种烟雾成分对低出生体重的作用。大鼠每周7天，每天2小时，仅用鼻子吸入。目标浓度被设计成与暴露于总颗粒物浓度为600 mg/m(3)的2R4F参考香烟烟雾中产生相同的血浆生物标志物水平。评估的烟雾成分包括一氧化碳（CO）、尼古丁和醛（丙烯醛、乙醛和甲醛）的混合物。对烟雾成分进行了单独和混合测试，以评估潜在的相互作用。在怀孕期间接触香烟烟雾会减少母亲的体重增加和胎儿的体重。接触尼古丁会减少母体体重增加，但对胎儿体重没有影响。接触一氧化碳对母亲体重增加没有影响，但对胎儿体重的减少程度与吸烟相当。暴露于醛类混合物（丙烯醛、乙醛和甲醛）对母亲体重增加或胎儿体重没有影响。暴露于尼古丁和一氧化碳或尼古丁、一氧化碳和醛的混合物中没有表现出任何相互作用。本研究结果表明，大鼠暴露于香烟烟雾后胎儿体重的减少是由于CO毒性，而不是尼古丁毒性。
One of the major effects of cigarette smoking during pregnancy is bearing a child with lower birth weight. It has previously been demonstrated under experimental conditions in rats that exposure to reference cigarette smoke results in reduced birth weight (E. L. Carmines et al., 2003, Toxicol. Sci. 75, 134-147; C. L. Gaworski et al., 2004, Toxicol. Sci. 79, 157-169). The role of various smoke constituents on lower birth weight was evaluated by exposing time-pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats at the concentrations found in cigarette smoke. The rats were exposed for 2 h/day 7 days/week by nose-only inhalation. The target concentrations were designed to produce the same plasma levels of biomarkers as exposure to 2R4F reference cigarette smoke at a concentration of 600 mg/m(3) total particulate matter. The smoke constituents evaluated included carbon monoxide (CO), nicotine, and a mixture of aldehydes (acrolein, acetaldehyde, and formaldehyde). The smoke constituents were tested individually as well as in mixtures to evaluate potential interactions. Exposure to cigarette smoke during gestation produced a reduction in both maternal body weight gain and fetal weights. Exposure to nicotine reduced maternal body weight gain but had no effect on fetal weight. Exposure to CO had no effect on maternal body weight gain but reduced fetal weight to a degree comparable to cigarette smoke. Exposure to a mixture of aldehydes (acrolein, acetaldehyde, and formaldehyde) had no effect on either maternal body weight gain or fetal weight. Exposure to mixtures of nicotine and CO or nicotine, CO, and aldehydes did not demonstrate any interactions. The results of this study suggest that the observed reduction in fetal weight after exposure to cigarette smoke in rats is due to CO toxicity and not nicotine toxicity.