Changes in the Built Environment and Changes in the Amount of Walking Over Time: Longitudinal Results From the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
Changes in the Built Environment and Changes in the Amount of Walking Over Time: Longitudinal Results From the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
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DOI：
10.1093/aje/kwu218
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发表时间：
2014-10-15
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Roux, Ana V. Diez
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hirsch, Jana A.;Moore, Kari A.;Roux, Ana V. Diez
缺乏纵向研究阻碍了对建筑环境与步行之间关联的因果推断。在本研究中，我们使用了来自多种族动脉粥样硬化研究中的6，027名成年人的数据，这些成年人的基线年龄为45-84岁，以调查2000年至2012年期间社区建筑环境与步行量趋势的关联。在基线和3次随访访视（中位随访时间= 9.15年）时评估了为交通而步行和为休闲而步行。使用地理信息系统创建了随时间变化的建筑环境措施（人口密度、土地使用、目的地数量、公共汽车访问和街道连通性的措施）。我们使用线性混合模型来估计每个建筑环境特征的基线水平和变化与步行频率变化之间的关联。在调整了潜在的混杂因素后，我们发现，随着时间的推移，较高的人口密度基线水平、零售区、社交目的地、步行目的地和街道连通性与步行交通的增加相关。较高的基线水平的土地划作住宅用途和距离公共汽车与不太明显的增加（或减少）的步行交通随着时间的推移。随着时间的推移，社交目的地数量、步行目的地数量和街道连通性的增加与步行交通的增加有关。较高的基线水平的土地划分为零售和步行目的地与更大的增加休闲步行，但没有变化的建筑环境功能与休闲步行。创造混合用途，密集的发展可能会鼓励成年人将步行交通纳入他们的日常生活。
Lack of longitudinal research hinders causal inference on the association between the built environment and walking. In the present study, we used data from 6,027 adults in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis who were 45-84 years of age at baseline to investigate the association of neighborhood built environment with trends in the amount of walking between 2000 and 2012. Walking for transportation and walking for leisure were assessed at baseline and at 3 follow-up visits (median follow-up = 9.15 years). Time-varying built environment measures (measures of population density, land use, number of destinations, bus access, and street connectivity) were created using geographic information systems. We used linear mixed models to estimate the associations between baseline levels of and a change in each built environment feature and a change in the frequency of walking. After adjustment for potential confounders, we found that higher baseline levels of population density, area zoned for retail, social destinations, walking destinations, and street connectivity were associated with greater increases in walking for transportation over time. Higher baseline levels of land zoned for residential use and distance to buses were associated with less pronounced increases (or decreases) in walking for transportation over time. Increases in the number of social destinations, the number of walking destinations, and street connectivity over time were associated with greater increases in walking for transportation. Higher baseline levels of both land zoned for retail and walking destinations were associated with greater increases in leisure walking, but no changes in built environment features were associated with leisure walking. The creation of mixed-use, dense developments may encourage adults to incorporate walking for transportation into their everyday lives.