The commercialisation of biotechnology in Japan: bio-ventures as a mechanism of knowledge transfer from universities
The commercialisation of biotechnology in Japan: bio-ventures as a mechanism of knowledge transfer from universities
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日本生物技术的商业化：生物企业作为大学知识转移的机制
DOI：
10.1504/ijbt.2004.004808
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发表时间：
2004
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
M. Lynskey
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Lynskey
日本的生物技术初创公司很少，迄今为止，它们在大学研究成果的商业化方面没有发挥重大作用。考虑到这些公司在其他地方的生物技术商业化中所扮演的关键角色，这是令人惊讶的。这篇论文的目的是提出一个利用这种生物企业作为一种机制将日本大学的生物技术研究成果商业化的案例。为了做到这一点，首先，我们根据最近放松管制和立法变化，概述了日本目前从大学到私营部门的知识转移方法。这凸显了公共研究商业化的几个弱点。其次，我们解释了为什么使用生物风险投资是将日本生物技术发现商业化的可行和适当的手段。最后，基于对日本公司创始人和首席科学家的采访，我们研究了几个在治疗和平台技术方面活跃的日本生物企业的例子。这些公司的一些显著特征被说明，包括大学合作的程度和他们的知识产权所有权。
Japan has few biotechnology start-up firms and they have not played a significant role to date in the commercialisation of university research results. This is surprising, given the pivotal role ascribed to such firms elsewhere in the commercialisation of biotechnology. The aim of this paper is to present a case for the use of such bio-ventures as a mechanism to commercialise biotechnology research results from universities in Japan. In order to do so, first we provide an overview of the current methods of knowledge transfer from universities to the private sector in Japan, in the light of recent deregulation and legislative changes. This highlights several weaknesses in the commercialisation of public research. Second, we explain why the use of bio-ventures is a viable and appropriate means to commercialise Japanese biotechnology discoveries. Finally, we examine several examples of Japanese bio-ventures that are active in therapeutics and platform technologies, based on interviews conducted with the founders and chief scientists of these firms in Japan. Some of the salient characteristics of these firms are illustrated, including the extent of university collaboration and their ownership of intellectual property rights.