Breast-feeding and maternal-infant transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1.
Breast-feeding and maternal-infant transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1.
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人类免疫缺陷病毒 1 型的母乳喂养和母婴传播。
DOI：
10.1016/s0022-3476(05)81216-8
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发表时间：
1992
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Boulos,R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ruff,AJ;Halsey,NA;Coberly,J;Boulos,R
本文件的目的是回顾和巩固现有的关于产后通过母乳喂养传播甲型肝炎病毒的信息，并建议进行更多的研究来阐明母乳喂养的相关风险。在几乎所有这种喂养的情况下，母亲的血清转化似乎都发生在分娩后，随后传染给她们的孩子。其中9名母亲在产后输血后发生血清转化。其中一位母亲是静脉注射吸毒者，其余12人被认为是通过异性传播感染了HIV-1。在这些病例中，母婴传播的推定方式是母乳喂养，尽管不能排除一些妇女在分娩前被感染的可能性。HIV-1病毒已被证实存在于人乳中，但也证明并非所有受感染的妇女都会在其乳汁中排泄病毒，而且病毒可能间歇性地排出。HIV-1血清阳性妇女所生的大多数母乳喂养的婴儿仍未被感染。如果高比例血清阳性妇女的乳汁中存在1型肝炎病毒，乳汁或婴儿中存在的因素必须降低通过母乳喂养传播的风险。人乳含有许多可以降低HIV-1传染性的成分（如免疫球蛋白、白细胞、乳铁蛋白和溶菌酶）。与口服病毒接触相关的HIV-1传播风险似乎非常低。几个investi -
The purpose of this document is to review and consolidate existing information on postpartum transmission of HlV-1 through breast-feeding and to suggest additional studies to clarify the risks associated with breast-feeding. In almost all instances of such feeding, seroconversion in the mothers seems to have occurred after delivery, with subsequent infection of their children. in nine of the moth-ers, seroconversion occurred after postpartum blood transfusions. One mother was an intravenous drug user, and the remaining 12 were assumed to have acquired HIV-1 through heterosexual transmission. The presumptive mode Of maternal-infant transmission in these cases was breast-feeding, although the possibility that some of the women had been infected before delivery could not be ruled out. The presence of HIV-1 virus in human milk has been demonstrated, but it has also been demonstrated that not all infected women excrete viruses in their milk, and that viruses may be shed intermittently, The majority of breast-fed infants born to HV-1 seropositive women remain uninfected. If HlV-1 is present in the milk of a high percentage of seropositive women, factors present either in the milk or in the infant must diminish the risk of transmission through breast feeding. Human milk includes a number of components that could reduce the infectivity of HIV-1 (eg, immunoglobulins, leukocytes, lactoferrin, and lysozymes). The risk of HIV-1 transmission associated with Oral exposure to virus appears to be very low. Several investi-