Biosynthesis of cuticular hydrocarbons
Biosynthesis of cuticular hydrocarbons
复制标题
DOI：
10.1017/cbo9780511711909.004
复制
发表时间：
2010-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Blomquist, Gary J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Blomquist, Gary J.
20 世纪 60 年代的体内研究确定，标记的乙酸盐很容易掺入昆虫表皮脂质中，尤其是碳氢化合物中（Vroman 等人，1965 年；Lamb 和 Monroe，1968 年；Nelson，1969 年），建立了昆虫碳氢化合物的从头合成。后来对特定放射性标记前体的研究和对代谢产物的仔细分析确定了最常见成分的生物合成途径。 13C 标记前体的体内实验扩展并证实了基于放射化学数据的结论。使用微粒体制剂的体外研究检查了脂肪酰辅酶A的延伸和脂肪酰辅酶A向碳氢化合物的转化。长链脂肪酰辅酶A如何转化为碳氢化合物的机制一直存在争议，直到最近，利用强大的分子生物学技术的研究才被应用于获得对昆虫碳氢化合物的生物合成和调节的更全面的了解（Wicker-Thomas和Chertemps，本书第4章）。碳氢化合物的生物合成已经在相对较少的昆虫中进行了研究，包括双翅目家蝇（Blomquist，2003）和果蝇（Jallon 和 Wicker-Thomas，2003），并且在蟑螂美洲大蠊和德国小蠊、白蚁 Zootermopsis angusticollis 和其他几种昆虫（Nelson 和布洛姆奎斯特，1995；霍华德和布洛姆奎斯特，2005）。已经对卷心菜尺蠖、粉纹夜蛾（Dwyer et al., 1986; de Renobales et al., 1988）、南粘虫Spodoptera eridania（Guo and Blomquist, 1991）和蟑螂（Young and Schal, 1997）进行了碳氢化合物合成时间及其在昆虫角质层上沉积的研究。本章将集中讨论长链表皮碳氢化合物的生物合成。 Millar（第 18 章）描述了一些鳞翅目动物用作信息素的多烯烃的生物合成，Bartelt 的一章（第 19 章）介绍了甲虫用作挥发性信息素的短链甲基和乙基支链不饱和烃的出现和生物合成。
In vivo studies in the 1960s determined that labeled acetate was readily incorporated into insect cuticular lipids, especially hydrocarbons (Vroman et al., 1965; Lamb and Monroe, 1968; Nelson, 1969), establishing the de novo synthesis of insect hydrocarbons. Later studies with specific radio-labeled precursors and careful analysis of metabolic products determined the biosynthetic pathways for the most common components. In vivo experiments with 13C-labeled precursors extended and confirmed the conclusions based on radiochemical data. In vitro studies using microsomal preparations examined the elongation of fatty acyl-CoAs and the conversion of fatty acyl-CoAs to hydrocarbons. The mechanism of how long-chain fatty acyl-CoAs are converted to hydrocarbons has been controversial, and only recently have studies using the powerful techniques of molecular biology been applied to gaining a more complete understanding of the biosynthesis and regulation of insect hydrocarbons (Wicker-Thomas and Chertemps, Chapter 4, this book). The biosynthesis of hydrocarbons has been studied in relatively few insects, including the dipterans Musca domestica (Blomquist, 2003) and Drosophila melanogaster (Jallon and Wicker-Thomas, 2003), and considerable work has been done on cockroaches Periplaneta americana and Blattella germanica, the termite Zootermopsis angusticollis and several other insects (Nelson and Blomquist, 1995; Howard and Blomquist, 2005). Work has been done with the cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni (Dwyer et al., 1986; de Renobales et al., 1988), southern armyworm Spodoptera eridania (Guo and Blomquist, 1991) and in cockroaches (Young and Schal, 1997) on the timing of hydrocarbon synthesis and its deposition on the insect cuticle. This chapter will concentrate on the biosynthesis of long-chain cuticular hydrocarbons. Millar (Chapter 18) describes the biosynthesis of the polyene hydrocarbons used by some lepidopterans as pheromones and a chapter by Bartelt (Chapter 19) covers the occurrence and biosynthesis of short-chain methyland ethyl-branched unsaturated hydrocarbons used by beetles as volatile pheromones.