An Introduction to Erythropoiesis Approaches.
An Introduction to Erythropoiesis Approaches.
复制标题
红细胞生成方法简介。
DOI：
10.1007/978-1-4939-7428-3_1
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Lloyd,JoyceA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Lloyd,JoyceA
许多实验模型已被用于研究红细胞生成。甚至在动物模型的遗传操作出现之前，在小鼠、鸡、绵羊、山羊和兔以及其他脊椎动物中检查了红细胞生成。从人类血癌中提取的红细胞系也非常有用，因为它们比整个动物更容易进行基因操作。小鼠、斑马鱼和青蛙的遗传模型提供了大量信息，促进了我们对红细胞生成的理解，并且仍然是血红蛋白转换研究领域的黄金标准，以及研究真实血细胞发育的实验。小鼠和人胚胎干细胞（ES）和诱导多能（iPS）细胞可以在培养中分化为红系细胞，尽管它们的使用受到它们仅表达胚胎和胎儿珠蛋白基因的倾向的某种限制。通过操纵来自敲除小鼠模型的ES或胎肝红系祖细胞，已经开发出一些非常有用的细胞系。近年来，由于能够敲低源自脐带血或骨髓的天然人造血干细胞和祖细胞中的基因，并使其离体分化为红细胞谱系，我们对红细胞生成的理解有所提高。这些天然细胞和从它们衍生的细胞系现在提供了关于人类红细胞生成的基本信息，这与从动物研究中获得的信息是互补的。本文就近年来红细胞生成研究的细胞模型和动物模型作一综述。
Many experimental models have been used to study erythropoiesis. Even prior to the advent of the genetic manipulation of animal models, erythropoiesis was examined in the mouse, chicken, sheep, goat, and rabbit, among other vertebrates. Erythroid cell lines derived from human blood cancers were also very useful, as they could be genetically manipulated more easily than whole animals. Genetic models in the mouse, zebrafish, and frog have provided a plethora of information advancing our understanding of erythropoiesis, and remain gold standards in the field for studies of hemoglobin switching, and experiments to study authentic blood cell development. Mouse and human embryonic stem (ES) and induced pluripotent (iPS) cells can be differentiated to erythroid cells in culture, though their use is somewhat limited by their propensity to express only the embryonic and fetal globin genes. Some very useful cell lines have been developed by manipulating ES or fetal liver erythroid progenitor cells from knockout mouse models. In recent years, our understanding of erythropoiesis has improved, due to the ability to knock down genes in native human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells derived from umbilical cord blood or bone marrow, and differentiate them ex vivo to the erythroid lineage. These native cells, and cell lines derived from them, are now providing essential information about human erythropoiesis, which is complementary to that obtained from animal studies. This review provides some perspective about the cell and animal models used to study erythropoiesis over the years.