The resilience of formal and informal tourism enterprises to disasters: reef tourism in Phuket, Thailand
The resilience of formal and informal tourism enterprises to disasters: reef tourism in Phuket, Thailand
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DOI：
10.1080/09669582.2011.630080
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发表时间：
2012-01-01
影响因子：
9
通讯作者：
Stoeckl, Natalie
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Biggs, Duan;Hall, C. Michael;Stoeckl, Natalie
本文探讨了在全球变化和相互依存的时期，脆弱的旅游部门对灾害的复原力。珊瑚礁旅游业极易受到自然灾害和经济及政治冲击的影响。该文件还解释了为什么企业复原力是可持续旅游业管理的核心，这是出于经济、社会文化和环境原因。它将生态和社会复原力的概念扩展到企业复原力的概念。该研究采用情景和对主要企业工作人员的访谈，对比了正规和非正规珊瑚礁旅游企业的复原力水平，以及2004年海啸和2008年政治危机后与泰国普吉岛企业复原力相关的因素。非正规企业报告说，在危机情况下，非正规企业的财务状况比正规企业好，以政府、家庭和社区支持为形式的社会资本水平也比正规企业高。正规和非正规企业都从珊瑚礁旅游业中享受到高生活方式的好处，这有助于恢复能力。大多数正规企业有部分外国所有权/管理权（61%）;非正规企业没有任何外国所有权或管理权。支持珊瑚礁旅游业的管理政策应考虑到当地的细微差别以及生活方式对正规和非正规企业的重要性，并采取步骤使企业在危机期间具有灵活性和削减成本。
This paper explores the resilience of vulnerable tourism sectors to disasters in a period of global change and interdependence. The coral reef tourism industry is highly vulnerable to natural disasters and economic and political shocks. The paper also explains why enterprise resilience is central to sustainable tourism management, for economic, sociocultural and environmental reasons. It extends the concepts of ecological and social resilience to that of enterprise resilience. Using scenarios and interviews with key enterprise staff, the study contrasts the levels of resilience of formal and informal reef tourism enterprises, and the factors associated with the enterprise resilience in Phuket, Thailand, following the 2004 tsunami and the 2008 political crisis. Informal enterprises reported better financial condition in a crisis scenario and higher levels of social capital in the form of government, family and community support than formal enterprises. Formal and informal enterprises both enjoy high lifestyle benefits from reef tourism, which supports resilience. Most formal enterprises had part foreign ownership/management (61%); no informal enterprise had any foreign ownership or management. Management policies supporting reef tourism should consider local nuances and the importance of lifestyle benefits for both formal and informal enterprises, and take steps to enable enterprise flexibility and cost-cutting during crises.