Development of inferior temporal cortex in the monkey.
Development of inferior temporal cortex in the monkey.
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DOI：
10.1093/cercor/4.5.484
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发表时间：
1994-09
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
H. Rodman
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
H. Rodman
下颞叶皮层是成年灵长类视觉模式识别的关键。然而，IT皮层的功能发育似乎是不完整的，直到晚在第一年的生活在猴子和可能超越。IT中神经元的反应基本上较弱，潜伏期较长，并且至少在生命的前半年内更容易受到麻醉的影响。此外，IT连接的完善，特别是与对侧半球的区域以及与记忆和注意力相关的区域的连接，在出生后至少持续数月。此外，成年期IT支持的许多模式识别功能本身也显示出一个非常漫长的发展期，婴儿期IT皮层的损伤似乎对模式识别能力的影响相对较小，尽管成年期的类似损伤会产生明显的影响。这些研究结果都表明，IT经历了一个长期的出生后的发展，在此期间，视觉经验和其他大脑结构的成熟可能有助于IT模式识别机制的出现。在其他方面，IT的基本特征出现得很早。例如，尽管它们的反应较弱，但IT神经元具有成人般的反应模式-包括明显的形式选择性和大的双侧感受野-早在我们能够测试时（大约6周）。因此，IT皮层似乎预先连接有（或倾向于快速发育）神经回路，足以产生与成年动物非常相似的基本特性。未来的研究IT皮层将需要解决的发展相关的知觉恒定性和形成和检索的视觉对象记忆的信号，与其他区域参与视觉识别（特别是额叶皮层）的发展，以及特定的机制，潜在的各种类型的可塑性存在于IT皮层在发展和成熟的灵长类动物。
Inferior temporal (IT) cortex is critical for visual pattern recognition in adult primates. However, the functional development of IT cortex appears to be incomplete until late in the first year of life in monkeys and probably beyond. Responses of neurons in IT are substantially weaker, of longer latency, and more susceptible to anesthesia within at least the first half year of life. In addition, refinement of connections of IT, particularly those with regions in the opposite hemisphere and with regions related to memory and attention, continues for at least several months after birth. Moreover, many of the pattern recognition functions that IT supports in adulthood themselves show a very protracted period of development, and damage to IT cortex in infancy appears to have relatively little effect on pattern recognition abilities, despite the pronounced effects of comparable damage in adulthood. These findings all suggest that IT undergoes an extended period of postnatal development, during which both visual experience and the maturation of other brain structures may contribute to the emergence of mechanisms of pattern recognition within IT. In other respects, fundamental characteristics of IT emerge quite early. For example, despite their weaker responses, IT neurons have adult-like patterns of responsiveness--including pronounced form selectivity and large bilateral receptive fields--as early as we were able to test (approximately 6 weeks). Thus, IT cortex appears to be prewired with (or predisposed to develop rapidly) neural circuitry sufficient to produce basic properties remarkably similar to those found in the adult animal. Future studies of IT cortex will need to address the development of signals related to perceptual constancies and to formation and retrieval of visual object memories, the development of interactions with other regions involved in visual recognition (particularly frontal cortex), and the specific mechanisms underlying various types of plasticity present in IT cortex in both developing and mature primates.