The dispersion formula for nuclear reactions

The dispersion formula for nuclear reactions
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核反应的色散公式

DOI：
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发表时间：
1938
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
R. Peierls
R. Peierls
中科院分区：
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文献类型：
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作者：
P. Kapur;R. Peierls

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玻尔已经证明，在两个原子核之间的碰撞中，其中至少有一个是重的，一个不稳定的复合核将暂时形成，这种复合核的寿命，在核尺度上测量，通常是非常大的。由于这个原因，这些复合核具有相当明确的能级（“虚”或“共振”能级），这些能级的位置和属于它们的亚稳态的性质决定了所有核反应的截面。Breit和Wigner（1936）给出了一个用虚态表示的核反应概率公式，只考虑了一个虚态，而Bethe和Placzek（1937）和Bethe（1937）将这个公式推广到所有可能的虚态。他们的公式通常被称为“色散公式”，因为它类似于原子系统对光的色散公式。
Bohr has shown that in a collision between two nuclei of which at least one is heavy, an unstable compound nucleus will be temporarily formed and that the lifetime of such a compound nucleus, measured on a nuclear scale, is usually very large. For this reason these compound nuclei have fairly well-defined energy levels ("virtual“ or "resonance" levels), and the posi­tions of these levels and the properties of the metastable states belonging to them determine the cross-sections for all nuclear reactions. Breit and Wigner (1936) gave a formula for the probability of a nuclear reaction in terms of the virtual state, taking into account only one such state, while Bethe and Placzek (1937) and Bethe (1937) generalized the formula to take account of all possible virtual states. Their formula is usually referred to as the "dispersion formula" owing to its analogy with the formula for the dispersion of light by atomic systems.