Novae in the Andromeda nebula.
Novae in the Andromeda nebula.
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仙女座星云中的新星。
DOI：
10.1086/107284
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发表时间：
1956
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
H. Arp
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
H. Arp
观测到的30颗新星清楚地描绘了各种类型新星中光爆发的行为。然而，它们行为的另一个非常不重要的方面是显而易见的。事实证明，速度最快的新星比速度最慢的新星要亮很多。事实上，新星达到的最大星等随着持续时间的增加而逐渐减小。由于最大星等和持续时间之间的关系是如此重要，我们将对其进行更严格的分析，但它已经被认为是新星行为的一个显著特征。从这些观测中可以得到的另一个令人感兴趣的量是每次新星爆发释放的光能总量。这个量是通过将新星一生中小时间间隔内释放的能量相加得到的，即：对光变曲线下的面积积分。因此，令人惊讶的是，我们发现，最快的新星达到最大的光度，实际上消耗的能量比在较长时间内发生的较慢的爆发少，大约少七分之一。目前还不知道vjhat会导致一颗星星爆炸并成为新星，至少不知道细节。然而，很明显，有些快速新星是周期性的，在一个世纪内会爆炸几次。如果新星的活跃期超过1000年，就很难推测速度较快的新星的频繁爆炸是否等于速度较慢的新星的不太频繁的爆炸所消耗的能量。作为题外话，应该注意到新星正在经历其内部结构的调整，而不是摆脱任何大部分的质量。新星每次爆炸损失的辐射能在10^^到10^^尔格之间。这相当于10^g的物质。据估计，在爆炸中被抛出的物质壳的质量要大得多，约为10克。然而，即使这个量也只是星星可能质量的千分之一。
The 30 novae which were observed give a clear picture of the behaviour of the light bursts in the various types of novae. Inrnediately obvious, however, is another very in5) ortant aspect of their behaviour. It turns out that the fastest novae are magnitudes brighter than the slowest novae. In fact, the maxinium magnitudes which novae attain steadily decrease as those with increasingly long durations are considered. Because this relation between maximum magnitude and duration is so crucial, it will be analysed more critically but already it is recognised as a striking feature of nova behaviour.Another quantity of interest which may be obtained from these observations is the total amount of light energy liberated in each nova outburst. This quantity is obtained by adding the energies liberated in small intervals of time throughout the nova's lifetime, ie: integrating the area imder the light curve. SuiTjrisingly it is discovered that the fastest novae, which reach the greatest luminosity, actually expend less energy, by about one seventh, than in the slower outbursts which take place over a longer tine. It is not known at preaent vjhat causes a star to explode and become a nova, at least not in detail. It is clear, however, that some fast novae are recurrent and explode several times during a century. If novae iremain active for periods of more than a thousand years it is difficult to speculate whether the more frequent explosions of the faster novae may together equal the energy dissapated by the less frequent explosions of the slower novje. As a digression it should be noted that novae are undergoing an adjustment in their internal structure rather than ridding themselves of any large amoimt of their mass. Novae lose between 10^ and 10^^ ergs per explosion in radiant energy. This is an equivalent of 10^ grams of matter. It is estimated that the mass of the shells of material which are thrown off in an explosion is much greater, around 10 grams. Even this quantity, however, is only one part in a himdred thousand of the probable mass of the star.