THE EVOLUTION OF FLORAL COLOR-CHANGE - POLLINATOR ATTRACTION VERSUS PHYSIOLOGICAL CONSTRAINTS IN FUCHSIA-EXCORTICATA
THE EVOLUTION OF FLORAL COLOR-CHANGE - POLLINATOR ATTRACTION VERSUS PHYSIOLOGICAL CONSTRAINTS IN FUCHSIA-EXCORTICATA
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1558-5646.1989.tb02572.x
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发表时间：
1989-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
LIVELY, CM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
DELPH, LF;LIVELY, CM
田间试验表明，外皮樱花的绿变红是年龄依赖性的，而不是授粉诱导的。花蜜仅在绿色和较小程度的中间阶段花中产生；红色的花是生育力旺盛的，不会被汇集者（风铃鸟）使用。进一步的实验表明，红色的花被保留是因为花粉管至少需要3天才能到达子房，而花管和伴随的花柱的脱落至少需要1.5天。当这些生理过程发生时，颜色的变化引导传粉者远离繁殖后的花朵，从而提高了觅食效率和对仍然能够接受和提供花粉的花朵的访问。没有证据表明红色花朵具有吸引传粉者的功能。最后，我们认为这种颜色变化是通过芽的嫩绿保留而进化而来的，是自然选择和生理约束相互作用的衍生性状。
Field experiments showed that the green-to-red color change in the flowers of Fuchsia excorticata is age-dependent, rather than pollination-induced. Nectar is produced only in green and, to a lesser extent, intermediate-phase flowers; red flowers are postreproductive and are avoided by poolinators (bellbirds). Additional experiments suggested that the red floewrs are retained because pollen tubes require at least three days to reach the ovaries, and abscission of the floral tube and accompanying style requires at least another 1.5 days. The change in color directs pollinators away from the postreproductive flowers while these physiologicla processess are occurring, thereby increasing foraging efficiency and visitiation to flowers that are still capable of receiving and donating pollen. No evidence was found to suggest that red-phase flowers function to attract pollinators. Finally, we suggest that the color change evolved through neotenous retention of the green coloration of buds and is a derived trait reflecting an interaction between natural selection and physiological constraints.