Pre-infection antiviral innate immunity contributes to sex differences in SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Pre-infection antiviral innate immunity contributes to sex differences in SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.cels.2022.10.005
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发表时间:
2022-11-16
期刊:
影响因子:
9.3
通讯作者:
--
中科院分区:
生物学1区
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--
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男性是SARS-CoV-2感染严重程度的主要危险因素。为了了解这种性别差异的基础,我们研究了美国海军陆战队新兵青年队列中SARS-CoV-2感染情况。在未接种疫苗和血清阴性的2641名男性和244名女性新兵中,纵向研究发现,1033名男性和137名女性感染了SARS-CoV-2。我们确定了症状、病毒载量、血液转录组、RNA剪接和蛋白质组特征方面的性别差异。女性在感染前抗病毒干扰素刺激基因(ISG)程序的表达较高。因果中介分析表明,在感染期间,ISG在症状数量、ISG水平以及CD45淋巴细胞磷酸酶的差异剪接方面存在差异。我们的结果表明,抗病毒先天免疫设定点对SARS-CoV-2感染的反应存在性别差异。补充资料中包括了本文件透明的同行审查过程的记录。在全球范围内,已经观察到在许多水平的SARS-CoV-2感染反应中存在性别差异。在一项对年轻人的纵向研究中,我们发现了男性和女性在临床和免疫方面的显著差异。我们进一步表明,在年轻人中,抗病毒反应免疫途径的差异介导了对SARS-CoV-2感染的性别特异性反应。
Male sex is a major risk factor for SARS-CoV-2 infection severity. To understand the basis for this sex difference, we studied SARS-CoV-2 infection in a young adult cohort of United States Marine recruits. Among 2,641 male and 244 female unvaccinated and seronegative recruits studied longitudinally, SARS-CoV-2 infections occurred in 1,033 males and 137 females. We identified sex differences in symptoms, viral load, blood transcriptome, RNA splicing, and proteomic signatures. Females had higher pre-infection expression of antiviral interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) programs. Causal mediation analysis implicated ISG differences in number of symptoms, levels of ISGs, and differential splicing of CD45 lymphocyte phosphatase during infection. Our results indicate that the antiviral innate immunity set point causally contributes to sex differences in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection. A record of this paper’s transparent peer review process is included in the supplemental information. Sex differences across many levels of SARS-CoV-2 infection response have been observed globally. In a longitudinal study of young adults, we identify significant clinical and immune differences between males and females. We further show that differences in antiviral response immune pathways mediate sex-specific responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection in young adults.
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