A poorly mixed mantle transition zone and its thermal state inferred from seismic waves

A poorly mixed mantle transition zone and its thermal state inferred from seismic waves
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地幔混合不良过渡带及其由地震波推断的热状态

DOI:
10.1038/s41561-021-00850-w
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发表时间:
2021
期刊:
影响因子:
18.3
通讯作者:
Afonso, Juan Carlos
Afonso, Juan Carlos
中科院分区:
地球科学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Waszek, Lauren;Tauzin, Benoit;Schmerr, Nicholas C.;Ballmer, Maxim D.;Afonso, Juan Carlos

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地幔过渡带矿物学性质的突变对上地幔和下地幔之间的对流和热化学通量产生了重大影响。虽然410公里的地幔过渡带顶部的不连续性检测到所有类型的地震波,660公里的边界是大多数看不见的底面P波反射(P660 P)。这种观察的原因是有争议的。林伍德石和石榴石分解成下地幔矿物都有助于“660”的可见性;只有石榴石反应有利于跨越不连续面的物质交换。在这里,我们结合联合收割机大型数据集的SS和PP的前体,矿物学建模和数据挖掘技术,以获得一个全球的地幔过渡带的热图,并解释缺乏P660 P的可见性。我们发现,它的普遍缺乏需要一个化学不平衡的地幔,它的可见性在少数地方与潜在温度大于1,800 K。这样的温度出现在地球的大约0.6%,表明660主要是由林伍德石分解,这往往会阻碍地幔流动。我们发现太平洋下方温度升高的广阔区域被主要的火山热点所包围,这表明地幔过渡带中的热物质的羽流保留和积水。
The abrupt changes in mineralogical properties across the Earth’s mantle transition zone substantially impact convection and thermochemical fluxes between the upper and lower mantle. While the 410-km discontinuity at the top of the mantle transition zone is detected with all types of seismic waves, the 660-km boundary is mostly invisible to underside P-wave reflections (P660P). The cause for this observation is debated. The dissociation of ringwoodite and garnet into lower-mantle minerals both contribute to the ‘660’ visibility; only the garnet reaction favours material exchanges across the discontinuity. Here, we combine large datasets of SS and PP precursors, mineralogical modelling and data-mining techniques to obtain a global thermal map of the mantle transition zone, and explain the lack of P660P visibility. We find that its prevalent absence requires a chemically unequilibrated mantle, and its visibility in few locations is associated with potential temperatures greater than 1,800 K. Such temperatures occur in approximately 0.6% of Earth, indicating that the 660 is dominated by ringwoodite decomposition, which tends to impede mantle flow. We find broad regions with elevated temperatures beneath the Pacific surrounded by major volcanic hotspots, indicating plume retention and ponding of hot materials in the mantle transition zone.
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