The brine shrimp's tale: a topsy turvy evolutionary fable
The brine shrimp's tale: a topsy turvy evolutionary fable
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1095-8312.2006.00623.x
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发表时间：
2006-07-01
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Fryer, G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Fryer, G
有人建议：（1）卤虫（鳃足类：无甲目），习惯性地倒置游泳，“只是最近才翻转过来”;（2）如果这种习惯持续数千万年，原始的背腹同源性将被抹去;（3）有必要重新定义背腹的概念，因为随着进化的时间推移，许多细节都发生了变化;（4）如果现代卤虫在未来的1亿年里保持这种颠倒的游泳习惯，它们可能会产生一个全新的亚王国，其后代将被定义为具有背神经索。然而，卤虫和它们的盟友最近并没有翻身。所有现存的近300种无肢类动物都是倒着游泳的，而且该目的成员显然已经这样做了超过4亿年，然而它们的解剖结构与甲壳类动物一样，都是背侧朝上的。同样的，在水中倒立游动甚至悬挂在水面薄膜上的甲壳类动物也不会偏离标准的排列。通过所谓的鲍德温效应的作用，反向游泳成为盐水虾遗传决定的属性的说法被拒绝了，就像这个概念本身一样。(c)2006年，伦敦林奈学会。
It has been suggested that: (1) the brine shrimp, Artemia (Branchiopoda: Anostraca), which habitually swims inverted, has 'only recently turned over'; (2) if this habit were to persist for tens of millions of years, original dorsal-ventral homologies would become obliterated; (3) it would become necessary to re-define the concept of dorsal and ventral because so many details would have changed over evolutionary time; and (4) if modern brine shrimps were to maintain the habit of swimming upside down for 100 Myr into the future, they might give rise to a whole new subkingdom whose descendants would be defined as having a dorsal nerve cord. However, brine shrimps and their allies have not recently turned over. All the nearly 300 extant anostracans swim inverted, and members of the order have clearly done so for more than 400 Myr, yet their anatomical arrangements are the same as in crustaceans that live dorsal side up. Nor do crustaceans that swim inverted and even hang from the surface film depart from the standard arrangement. The claim that inverted swimming became a genetically determined attribute of brine shrimps via the operation of the so-called Baldwin effect is rejected, as is the concept itself. (c) 2006 The Linnean Society of London.