Effects of short-term exposures to ultrafine particles near an airport in healthy subjects
Effects of short-term exposures to ultrafine particles near an airport in healthy subjects
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DOI：
10.1016/j.envint.2020.105779
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发表时间：
2020-08-01
影响因子：
11.8
通讯作者：
Cassee, F. R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lammers, A.;Janssen, N. A. H.;Cassee, F. R.
背景：最近的研究报告称，机场附近的超细颗粒（UFP）浓度升高。关于航空业 UFP 对健康的影响知之甚少。由于 UFP 可以沉积在肺部和其他器官深处，因此可能会对健康造成严重的不良影响。 目的：我们调查了在主要机场附近受控的短期人类暴露于 UFP 的健康影响。 方法：在这项研究中，21 名健康不吸烟志愿者（年龄范围：18-35 岁）反复（2-5 次访问）暴露于史基浦机场附近的环境空气中 5 小时，同时进行间歇性适度运动（即骑自行车）。使用线性混合效应模型评估暴露前和暴露后心肺结果（肺量测定、用力呼气一氧化氮、心电图和血压）的变化，并将其与总和特定尺寸颗粒数浓度 (PNC) 相关。结果：PNC 平均为 53,500 个颗粒/cm(3)（范围 10,500-173,200）。 UFP 暴露量增加 5-95 个百分位数（即 125,400 个颗粒/cm(3)）与 FVC 减少 -73.8 mL (95% CI -138.8 - -0.4) 和校正 QT (QTc) 间期延长 9.9 ms (95% CI 2.0 - 19.1) 相关。这些影响与 < 20 nm 的颗粒（主要是来自航空的 UFP）相关，但与 > 50 nm 的颗粒（主要是来自道路交通的 UFP）无关。讨论：在主要机场附近短期暴露于与航空相关的 UFP，与健康志愿者的肺功能下降（主要是 FVC）和 QTc 间期延长有关。影响相对较小，但在年轻健康成年人中单次暴露 5 小时后就会出现。由于这项研究无法对长期健康影响做出任何推论，因此迫切需要进行适当的研究来调查长期接触机场相关 UFP 的潜在健康影响。
Background: Recent studies reported elevated concentrations of ultrafine particles (UFP) near airports. Little is known about the health effects of UFP from aviation. Since UFP can deposit deep into the lungs and other organs, they may cause significant adverse health effects.Objective: We investigated health effects of controlled short-term human exposure to UFP near a major airport.Methods: In this study, 21 healthy non-smoking volunteers (age range: 18-35 years) were repeatedly (2-5 visits) exposed for 5 h to ambient air near Schiphol Airport, while performing intermittent moderate exercise (i.e. cycling). Pre- to post-exposure changes in cardiopulmonary outcomes (spirometry, forced exhaled nitric oxide, electrocardiography and blood pressure) were assessed and related to total- and size-specific particle number concentrations (PNC), using linear mixed effect models.Results: The PNC was on average 53,500 particles/cm(3) (range 10,500-173,200). A 5-95th percentile increase in exposure to UFP (i.e. 125,400 particles/cm(3)) was associated with a decrease in FVC of -73.8 mL (95% CI -138.8 - -0.4) and a prolongation of the corrected QT (QTc) interval by 9.9 ms (95% CI 2.0 - 19.1). These effects were associated with particles < 20 nm (mainly UFP from aviation), but not with particles > 50 nm (mainly UFP from road traffic).Discussion: Short-term exposures to aviation-related UFP near a major airport, was associated with decreased lung function (mainly FVC) and a prolonged QTc interval in healthy volunteers. The effects were relatively small, however, they appeared after single exposures of 5 h in young healthy adults. As this study cannot make any inferences about long-term health impacts, appropriate studies investigating potential health effects of long-term exposure to airport-related UFP, are urgently needed.