Constraints on the Rate of Supernovae Lasting for More Than a Year from Subaru/Hyper Suprime-Cam
Constraints on the Rate of Supernovae Lasting for More Than a Year from Subaru/Hyper Suprime-Cam
复制标题
DOI：
10.3847/1538-4357/abcfc0
复制
发表时间：
2020-11
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
T. Moriya;Jiachen Jiang;N. Yasuda;M. Kokubo;Kojiro Kawana;K. Maeda;Yen-Chen Pan;R. Quimby
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
T. Moriya;Jiachen Jiang;N. Yasuda;M. Kokubo;Kojiro Kawana;K. Maeda;Yen-Chen Pan;R. Quimby
一些超新星，如对不稳定超新星，预计在观测者的框架中持续时间超过一年。为了限制超新星持续超过一年的速度，我们在8.2米的斯巴鲁望远镜上使用超级超级相机（HSC）进行了长期的深度瞬态调查。HSC是一种宽视场（1.75°2视场）相机，它可以有效地进行瞬态测量。我们使用g-、r-、i-和z-波段滤波器，在四个季节（从2016年底到2020年初）重复观察了相同的1.75°2场，典型深度为26等。利用这些数据，我们寻找持续超过一年的瞬变现象。在两个连续的季节中发现了两颗超新星，在三个连续的季节中发现了一颗超新星，但没有四个季节都存在瞬变。持续一年以上的超新星，其典型的极限星等为26等，其发现率被限制在。我们发现的所有长时间超新星都可能是IIn型超新星，我们的结果表明，大约40%的IIn型超新星具有长时间的光曲线。没有发现持续时间超过一年的可能的对不稳定超新星候选者。通过对比观测结果和模拟结果，我们将光对不稳定超新星的速率限制在z≃3以内，最高为100 Gpc−3 yr−1量级，为核心坍缩超新星速率的0.01-0.1%。
Some supernovae, such as pair-instability supernovae, are predicted to have a duration of more than a year in the observer frame. To constrain the rates of supernovae lasting for more than a year, we conducted a long-term deep transient survey using Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) on the 8.2 m Subaru telescope. HSC is a wide-field (a 1.75 deg2 field-of-view) camera and it can efficiently conduct transient surveys. We observed the same 1.75 deg2 field repeatedly using the g-, r-, i-, and z-band filters with the typical depth of 26 mag for four seasons (from late 2016 to early 2020). Using these data, we searched for transients lasting for more than a year. Two supernovae were detected in two continuous seasons, one supernova was detected in three continuous seasons, but no transients lasted for all four seasons searched. The discovery rate of supernovae lasting for more than a year with the typical limiting magnitudes of 26 mag is constrained to be . All the long-lasting supernovae we found are likely Type IIn supernovae and our results indicate that about 40% of Type IIn supernovae have long-lasting light curves. No plausible pair-instability supernova candidates lasting for more than a year are discovered. By comparing the survey results and survey simulations, we constrain the luminous pair-instability supernova rate up to z ≃ 3 is of the order of 100 Gpc−3 yr−1 at most, which is 0.01–0.1% of the core-collapse supernova rate.