No Effect of Commercial Cognitive Training on Brain Activity, Choice Behavior, or Cognitive Performance
No Effect of Commercial Cognitive Training on Brain Activity, Choice Behavior, or Cognitive Performance
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DOI：
10.1523/jneurosci.2832-16.2017
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发表时间：
2017-08-02
影响因子：
5.3
通讯作者：
Lerman, Caryn
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kable, Joseph W.;Caulfield, M. Kathleen;Lerman, Caryn
对即时奖励而不是延迟奖励以及对风险奖励而不是某些奖励的偏好增加与不健康的行为选择有关。有证据表明，增强的认知控制可以改变选择行为远离即时和风险的奖励，我们测试了训练执行认知功能是否会影响选择行为和大脑反应。在这项随机对照试验中，128名年轻人（71名男性，57名女性）参加了为期10周的培训，培训内容包括基于网络的商业认知培训计划或基于网络的视频游戏，这些游戏并不专门针对执行功能或在整个培训过程中调整难度水平。在训练前和训练后，参与者完成认知评估和功能性磁共振成像，并执行以下有效的决策任务：延迟折扣（现在的较小奖励与未来的较大奖励之间的选择）和风险敏感性（较大风险奖励与较小的某些奖励之间的选择）。与我们的假设相反，我们没有发现任何证据表明认知训练会影响决策过程中的神经活动;我们也没有发现认知训练对延迟折扣或风险敏感度的影响。商业培训条件下的参与者在培训期间执行的特定任务上随着实践而改善，但随着时间的推移，两种条件下的参与者在标准化认知测量方面表现出类似的改善。此外，改善的程度与在没有任何培训的情况下重新评估的个人中观察到的程度相当。商业化的适应性认知训练似乎对健康的年轻人没有比标准视频游戏更好的大脑活动，选择行为或认知表现。
Increased preference for immediate over delayed rewards and for risky over certain rewards has been associated with unhealthy behavioral choices. Motivated by evidence that enhanced cognitive control can shift choice behavior away from immediate and risky rewards, we tested whether training executive cognitive function could influence choice behavior and brain responses. In this randomized controlled trial, 128 young adults (71 male, 57 female) participated in 10 weeks of training with either a commercial web-based cognitive training program or web-based video games that do not specifically target executive function or adapt the level of difficulty throughout training. Pretraining and post-training, participants completed cognitive assessments and functional magnetic resonance imaging during performance of the following validated decision-making tasks: delay discounting (choices between smaller rewards now vs larger rewards in the future) and risk sensitivity (choices between larger riskier rewards vs smaller certain rewards). Contrary to our hypothesis, we found no evidence that cognitive training influences neural activity during decision-making; nor did we find effects of cognitive training on measures of delay discounting or risk sensitivity. Participants in the commercial training condition improved with practice on the specific tasks they performed during training, but participants in both conditions showed similar improvement on standardized cognitive measures over time. Moreover, the degree of improvement was comparable to that observed in individuals who were reassessed without any training whatsoever. Commercial adaptive cognitive training appears to have no benefits in healthy young adults above those of standard video games for measures of brain activity, choice behavior, or cognitive performance.