GENETIC DIVERSITY AND ECOLOGICAL DISTRIBUTION OF PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS (FABACEAE) IN NORTHWESTERN SOUTH-AMERICA
GENETIC DIVERSITY AND ECOLOGICAL DISTRIBUTION OF PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS (FABACEAE) IN NORTHWESTERN SOUTH-AMERICA
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DOI：
10.1007/bf02907356
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发表时间：
1993-10-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
GEPTS, P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
DEBOUCK, DG;TORO, O;GEPTS, P
我们的目标是更详细地调查野生和栽培的普通菜豆（菜豆）从西北部南美（哥伦比亚，厄瓜多尔和北方秘鲁）加入，因为以前的研究表明，这一地区是两个主要的基因库（中美洲和安第斯山脉）的普通菜豆的会议地点。在这些国家进行了探索，以收集种质资源中没有的其他材料。在厄瓜多尔和北方秘鲁发现了以前从未被描述过的野生菜豆种群。此外，我们能够扩大哥伦比亚野生菜豆的分布范围，超出本研究之前所知的范围。在所有地区，野生菜豆栖息地都遭受了严重的自然植被破坏。在哥伦比亚，在安第斯山脉的东坡发现了野生菜豆（延续了其在委内瑞拉的分布），而在厄瓜多尔和北方秘鲁，在这条山脉的西坡发现了野生菜豆。这种地理分布与中等温度下相对干燥环境中的生态分布（称为“干燥山地森林”）相关。同工酶和菜豆蛋白种子蛋白的北方秘鲁和厄瓜多尔野生种群的分析表明，他们中间的中美洲和安第斯山脉的基因库的物种。在哥伦比亚上马格达莱纳山谷的地方品种进行的菜豆蛋白分析表明，安第斯驯化生长在较高的海拔比中美洲驯化表明，前者适应较冷的温度。本研究结果对菜豆及其它作物遗传多样性的认识和保护具有重要意义：1）对菜豆野生近缘种分布的认识（和其他作物）是不完善的，需要进一步探索，以更精确地识别和拯救野生祖先种群; 2）对于尚未确定野生祖先的作物，可能值得进行额外的探索，并结合分子水平的遗传多样性研究来指导探索; 3）我们的研究表明，更有效的种质保存可以从田间探索之间的动态相互作用中获得（和其他保护行动）和分子分析，以确定遗传距离和差异; 4）在北方秘鲁和厄瓜多尔鉴定的中间材料可能对了解菜豆的起源具有基本的重要性，并作为中美洲和安第斯基因库之间的桥梁发挥应用作用;（5）两个主要栽培基因库对温度的不同适应可能有助于育种者至少部分地基于其进化起源来选择基因型。
Our goal was to investigate in more detail wild and culivated common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) accessions from north-western South America (Colombia, Ecuador, and northern Peru) because prior research had shown this region to be the meeting place of the two major gene pools (Middle American and Andean) of common bean. Explorations were conducted in these countries to collect additional materials not represented in germplasm collections. It was possible to identify wild common bean populations in Ecuador and northern Peru, where they had never been described before. In addition, we were able to extend the distribution of wild common bean in Colombia beyond what was known prior to this study. In all areas, the wild common bean habitat had suffered severely from destruction of natural vegetation. In Colombia, wild common beans were found on the Eastern slope of the Andes (in continuation of its distribution in venezuela), whereas in Ecuador and northern Peru they were found on the western slope of this mountain range. This geographic distribution was correlated with an ecological distribution in relatively dry environments with intermediate temperatures (known as ''dry mountain forest''). Isozyme and phaseolin seed protein analyses of the northern Peruvian and Ecuadoran wild populations showed that they were intermediate between the Middle American and Andean gene pools of the species. Phaseolin analyses conducted on landraces of the Upper Magdalena Valley in Colombia showed that Andean domesticates were grown at a higher altitude than Middle American domesticates suggesting that the former are adapted to cooler temperatures. Our observations and results have the following consequences for the understanding and conservation of genetic diversity in common bean and other crops: 1) Our understanding of the distribution of the wild relative of common bean (and other crops) is imperfect and further explorations are needed to more precisely identify and rescue wild ancestral populations; 2) For crops for which the wild ancestor has not yet been identified, it may be worthwhile to conduct additional explorations in conjunction with genetic diversity studies at the molecular level to guide the explorations; 3) Our study shows the benefit for more efficient germplasm conservation which can be derived from the dynamic interplay between field explorations (and other conservation operations) and molecular analyses to determine genetic distances and diversities; 4) The intermediate materials identified in northern Peru and Ecuador may have basic importance to understand the origin of the common bean and an applied role as a bridge between the Middle American and Andean gene pools; and 5) The differential adaptation to temperature of the two major cultivated gene pools may help breeders select genotypes based at least partially on their evolutionary origin.