Surviving in the city: higher apparent survival for urban birds but worse condition on noisy territories
Surviving in the city: higher apparent survival for urban birds but worse condition on noisy territories
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在城市中生存：城市鸟类的表观生存率较高，但在嘈杂地区的状况较差
DOI：
10.1002/ecs2.2440
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
E. Derryberry
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Phillips;Katherine E. Gentry;David A. Luther;E. Derryberry
人为景观和音景对许多物种施加了强大的选择压力，这可以表现在发声，觅食策略，捕食者警惕性和繁殖成功率的变化上。然而，很少有研究考察生存率，健身的一个主要组成部分，在城市景观和音景。白色冠麻雀（Zonotrichia leucophrys）在城市和农村的景观中持续存在，并改变它们的行为以应对音景。我们给成年白色冠麻雀涂上颜色，并收集了它们在城市旧金山弗朗西斯科湾区和邻近加州农村雷斯角国家海岸的领地上的噪音水平。我们从2014年到2017年收集了领土男性的标记遭遇数据。使用程序MARK，我们测试了栖息地（城市/农村）和领土噪声水平对年存活率和身体状况的影响。我们预测，生存和身体状况将降低在城市栖息地，并减少领土上的背景噪声水平的增加。我们发现，生存估计根据年份而变化，城市景观中的男性生存率较高。噪音水平最能预测身体状况，因此音景与男性身体状况呈负相关。总之，城市景观和声景塑造了城市及其附近鸟类的生存和健康。
Anthropogenic landscapes and soundscapes impose strong selective pressures on a number of species, which can manifest in changes in vocalizations, foraging strategies, predator vigilance, and reproductive success. However, few studies have examined survival rates, a major component of fitness, across urban landscapes and soundscapes. White‐crowned sparrows (Zonotrichia leucophrys) persist in both urban and rural landscapes and change their behavior in response to the soundscape. We color‐banded adult white‐crowned sparrows and collected noise levels on their territories in the urban San Francisco Bay Area and adjacent rural Point Reyes National Seashore in California. We collected mark‐encounter data on territorial males from 2014 to 2017. Using the Program MARK, we tested the effects of habitat (urban/rural) and territory noise level on annual survival rates and body condition. We predicted that survival and body condition would be lower in urban habitats and decrease with increasing background noise level on territories. We found that survival estimates vary according to year, and males in urban landscapes have higher survival. Noise levels best predict body condition, such that soundscape negatively correlates with male body condition. Taken together, the urban landscape and soundscape shape the survival and health of birds in and near cities.