Prevalence and correlates of SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity among people who inject drugs in the San Diego-Tijuana border region
Prevalence and correlates of SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity among people who inject drugs in the San Diego-Tijuana border region
复制标题
圣地亚哥-蒂华纳边境地区注射吸毒者中 SARS-CoV-2 血清阳性的患病率和相关性
DOI：
10.1101/2021.08.05.21261671
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
T. Patterson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
S. Strathdee;D. Abramovitz;A. Harvey;C. Vera;G. Rangel;Irina Artamonova;A. Chaillon;C. Ignacio;Alheli Calderon;Natasha K. Martin;T. Patterson
背景：注射毒品的人可能由于他们的生活条件和/或在寻求或使用毒品时接触到SARS-CoV-2病毒而面临更高的风险。到目前为止，还没有研究报告注射吸毒者或性工作者感染SARS-CoV-2的危险因素。方法和结果：在2020年10月至2021年6月期间，来自美国加利福尼亚州圣地亚哥和墨西哥下加利福尼亚州提华纳的18岁[≥]参与者在最近一个月内注射了毒品，接受了SARS-CoV-2RNA和抗体的访谈和检测。二项回归确定了SARS-CoV-2血清阳性的相关因素。在386名参与者中，SARS-CoV-2血清阳性率为36.3%(95%可信区间：31.5%-41.1%)；92.1%有可检测到的IgM抗体。只有37.5%的人之前进行过测试。不同居住国的血清阳性率没有差异。没有人检测出RNA呈阳性。大多数(89.5%)报告参与了[≥]1保护行为[例如，口罩(73.5%)、社交距离(46.5%)或增加洗手/消毒剂(22.8%)]。在控制了性别、较大年龄和西班牙裔/拉丁裔/墨西哥族裔的多变量模型中，与SARS-CoV-2血清阳性独立相关的还有从事性工作(AdjRR：1.63；95%CI：1.18-2.27)和在过去六个月内被监禁(AdjRR：1.49；95%CI：0.97-2.27)。合并症和药物使用行为与SARS-CoV-2血清阳性无关。结论：这是第一项表明性工作和监禁与SARS-CoV-2感染独立相关的研究。尽管采取了保护措施，但超过三分之一的人有感染的证据，这加强了协调一致的两国反应的必要性。在注射毒品的老年人和西语裔人以及那些保护自己的机构较少的人中，特别需要降低风险和接种疫苗，例如那些性工作者或被监禁的人。
Background: People who inject drugs may be at elevated SARS-CoV-2 risk due to their living conditions and/or exposures when seeking or using drugs. No study to date has reported upon risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection among people who inject drugs or sex workers. Methods and Findings: Between October, 2020 and June, 2021, participants aged [≥]18 years from San Diego, California, USA and Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico who injected drugs within the last month underwent interviews and testing for SARS-CoV-2 RNA and antibodies. Binomial regressions identified correlates of SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity. Of 386 participants, SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence was 36.3% (95% CI: 31.5%-41.1%); 92.1% had detectable IgM antibodies. Only 37.5% had previously been tested. Seroprevalence did not differ by country of residence. None tested RNA-positive. Most (89.5%) reported engaging in [≥]1 protective behavior [e.g., facemasks (73.5%), social distancing (46.5%), or increasing handwashing/sanitizers (22.8%)]. In a multivariate model controlling for sex, older age, and Hispanic/Latinx/Mexican ethnicity were independently associated with SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity, as was engaging in sex work (AdjRR: 1.63; 95% CI: 1.18-2.27) and having been incarcerated in the past six months (AdjRR: 1.49; 95% CI: 0.97-2.27). Presence of comorbidities and substance using behaviors were not associated with SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity. Conclusions: This is the first study to show that sex work and incarceration were independently associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Despite engaging in protective measures, over one-third had evidence of infection, reinforcing the need for a coordinated binational response. Risk mitigation and vaccination is especially needed among older and Hispanic people who inject drugs and those with less agency to protect themselves, such as those who are sex workers or incarcerated.
影响因子：
120.7
作者：
Webb Hooper, Monica;Napoles, Anna Maria;Perez-Stable, Eliseo J.
通讯作者：
Perez-Stable, Eliseo J.