Connectivity, biodiversity conservation and the design of marine reserve networks for coral reefs
Connectivity, biodiversity conservation and the design of marine reserve networks for coral reefs
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DOI：
10.1007/s00338-009-0484-x
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发表时间：
2009-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Williamson, D. H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Almany, G. R.;Connolly, S. R.;Williamson, D. H.
禁捕保护区网络对于保护珊瑚礁生物多样性免受气候变化和其他人类影响十分重要。确保保护区种群通过幼虫传播相互联系，并使非保护区种群相互联系，可以从干扰中恢复，这是恢复能力的一个关键方面。一般来说，随着保护区之间距离的减少，保护区之间的连通性应该增加。然而，增强连通性往往可能会损害网络对系统自然变异性进行代表性采样的能力。这一“代表性”目标通常以物种丰富度或生境多样性来衡量，但也有其他重要因素（例如，最小化多个储备将受到灾难性事件影响的风险）。这种代表性的目标往往更好地实现了储量变得更广泛的间隔。因此，优化的位置，大小和间距的储备既需要了解幼虫的传播和明确考虑网络如何代表更广泛的系统，事实上，缺乏一个综合的理论，优化连接和代表性目标之间的权衡，抑制了将连接到储备选择算法。本文通过以下方式处理这些问题：（1）根据珊瑚和珊瑚礁鱼类幼虫扩散的新数据以及维持遗传多样性的考虑，更新关于保护区位置、大小和间隔的一般性建议;（2）对大堡礁海洋公园进行空间分析，以研究连通性和生物多样性代表性之间的潜在权衡;（3）描述了一个框架，用于将环境波动纳入连通性和代表性之间权衡的概念化，并以共同的、人口统计学上有意义的货币表达两者，从而使优化成为可能。
Networks of no-take reserves are important for protecting coral reef biodiversity from climate change and other human impacts. Ensuring that reserve populations are connected to each other and non-reserve populations by larval dispersal allows for recovery from disturbance and is a key aspect of resilience. In general, connectivity between reserves should increase as the distance between them decreases. However, enhancing connectivity may often tradeoff against a network's ability to representatively sample the system's natural variability. This "representation" objective is typically measured in terms of species richness or diversity of habitats, but has other important elements (e.g., minimizing the risk that multiple reserves will be impacted by catastrophic events). Such representation objectives tend to be better achieved as reserves become more widely spaced. Thus, optimizing the location, size and spacing of reserves requires both an understanding of larval dispersal and explicit consideration of how well the network represents the broader system; indeed the lack of an integrated theory for optimizing tradeoffs between connectivity and representation objectives has inhibited the incorporation of connectivity into reserve selection algorithms. This article addresses these issues by (1) updating general recommendations for the location, size and spacing of reserves based on emerging data on larval dispersal in corals and reef fishes, and on considerations for maintaining genetic diversity; (2) using a spatial analysis of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park to examine potential tradeoffs between connectivity and representation of biodiversity and (3) describing a framework for incorporating environmental fluctuations into the conceptualization of the tradeoff between connectivity and representation, and that expresses both in a common, demographically meaningful currency, thus making optimization possible.