Understanding the Multifaceted Role of Inflammatory Mediators in Ischemic Stroke
Understanding the Multifaceted Role of Inflammatory Mediators in Ischemic Stroke
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DOI：
10.2174/0929867321666131227162634
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发表时间：
2014-06-01
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Bagetta, G.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Amantea, D.;Tassorelli, C.;Bagetta, G.
缺血性脑损伤的发展受到炎症反应的强烈影响，炎症反应涉及可溶性介质，如细胞因子和趋化因子，以及局部激活或从外周招募的特化细胞。免疫系统影响缺血级联的所有阶段，从由于血流中断引起的急性血管内反应到脑组织损伤、修复和再生的发展。粘附分子的内皮表达增加和血脑屏障破坏促进血液传播细胞（包括巨噬细胞、嗜中性粒细胞、树突细胞和T淋巴细胞）的外渗和脑募集，如在动物模型和人中风中所证明的。然而，大多数抗炎方法在实验性中风模型中显示出有希望的结果，但在临床环境中失败了。翻译的缺乏可能在于大多数炎症介质的冗余，发挥有害和有益的功能。因此，本次审查的目的是提供一个更好的理解的二元性的作用所发挥的每一个组成部分的炎症/免疫反应的时空演变的缺血性中风损伤。
The evolution of ischemic brain damage is strongly affected by an inflammatory reaction that involves soluble mediators, such as cytokines and chemokines, and specialized cells activated locally or recruited from the periphery. The immune system affects all phases of the ischemic cascade, from the acute intravascular reaction due to blood flow disruption, to the development of brain tissue damage, repair and regeneration. Increased endothelial expression of adhesion molecules and blood-brain barrier breakdown promotes extravasation and brain recruitment of blood-borne cells, including macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells and T lymphocytes, as demonstrated both in animal models and in human stroke. Nevertheless, most anti-inflammatory approaches showing promising results in experimental stroke models failed in the clinical setting. The lack of translation may reside in the redundancy of most inflammatory mediators, exerting both detrimental and beneficial functions. Thus, this review is aimed at providing a better understanding of the dualistic role played by each component of the inflammatory/immune response in relation to the spatio-temporal evolution of ischemic stroke injury.