The Effects of Traffic Safety Regulation in Sweden
The Effects of Traffic Safety Regulation in Sweden
复制标题
瑞典交通安全监管的影响
DOI：
10.1086/260875
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发表时间：
1980
影响因子：
8.2
通讯作者：
C. Stuart
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
B. Lindgren;C. Stuart
在最近的一项研究中，佩尔茨曼（Peltzman，1975）分析了20世纪60年代中期美国车辆安全法规的影响，并得出结论，在新汽车上强制安装安全装置“对高速公路死亡人数没有影响”，但“可能增加了行人承担的死亡人数比例，增加了事故总数”（第677页）。佩尔茨曼对他的研究结果的解释是，司机对驾驶安全和“驾驶强度”都有偏好--驾驶强度包括速度、超车频率、在不利条件下驾驶的意愿等，因此，这尤其导致了旅行时间的减少，并且这些偏好通常通过对具有不同安全特性的汽车的需求而在市场上显露出来。强制性的车辆安全扰乱了市场均衡，迫使司机接受比他们原本购买的更多的安全。佩尔茨曼认为，司机对这一规定的反应是用驾驶强度代替道路安全，其净效应是乘客死亡人数下降，而行人死亡人数上升。瑞典在交通安全方面的立法比美国更为雄心勃勃。自1965年以来，瑞典通过了一些不同类型的安全措施。这些措施包括每年强制性的机动车和拖车安全检查。实施和加强
In a recent study, Peltzman (1975) analyzed the effects of the American vehicle safety regulations of the mid-1960s and concluded that the imposition of mandatory safety devices on new cars "had no effect on the highway death toll" but "may have increased the share of this toll borne by pedestrians and increased the total number of accidents" (p. 677). Peltzman's interpretation of his results was that drivers have preferences for both driving safety and "driving intensity"-which consists of speed, passing frequency, willingness to drive under adverse conditions, etc., and which thus leads, among other things, to reduced travel time-and that these preferences are normally revealed in the market via the demands for cars with different safety characteristics. Mandated vehicle safety disturbs the market equilibrium, forcing drivers to accept more safety than they otherwise would have purchased. Peltzman argued that drivers reacted to the regulation by substituting driving intensity for safety on the road, with the net effect that occupant deaths fell while pedestrian deaths rose. The enactment of traffic safety legislation in Sweden has been somewhat more ambitious than that in the United States. A number of different types of safety measures have been passed into law in Sweden since 1965. These include mandatory yearly motor vehicle and trailer safety checkups. the imposition and strengthening of