Digital Elevation Model Construction Using Geostatistics and Geological Expert Knowledge - A Case Study in Oitti Area in Southern Finland
Digital Elevation Model Construction Using Geostatistics and Geological Expert Knowledge - A Case Study in Oitti Area in Southern Finland
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利用地统计学和地质专家知识构建数字高程模型——以芬兰南部奥伊蒂地区为例
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发表时间：
2011
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
K. Virrantaus
中科院分区：
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作者：
R. Sunila;K. Virrantaus
数字高程模型 (DEM) 是地理信息科学中的一个重要主题，因为 DEM 常用于与物理环境相关的 GIS 分析应用中。有多种技术可用于对高程表面进行建模，本研究的重点是基于地质统计技术的插值方法。这项研究是对先前将克里格方法应用于高程建模的工作的进一步研究延伸。先前的研究表明，克里金法是在存在冰川和冰后粘土的研究区构建高程模型的合适工具。因此，利用普通的克里格法进行插值，在该区域建立DEM是相当简单的。然而，在芬兰的许多地方，构建 DEM 并不简单。地层结构复杂，可能导致结构复杂。第四纪沉积物由细长的冰碛脊组成，影响地貌，从而影响高程模型。在芬兰，冰碛山脊区域的高程模型很重要，因为淡水源位于此类地层中。由于欧盟指令，有必要绘制地下水区域图。本研究的目的是比较构建高程模型的两种克里金方法。第一个模型是在整个研究区使用相同的变差函数模型建立高程模型。第二种克里金法利用地质专家知识将研究区域划分为三个子区域：西部和东部以粘土为主的区域以及中心的冰碛岭。结果表明，第四纪矿床的专业知识可以应用于数字高程建模，以产生更高质量的结果。
Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) are an important topic in geographical information science as DEMs are commonly used in GIS analysis applications related to physical environment. There are various techniques used for modelling the elevation surface and in this study the focus is on interpolation methods based on geostatistical techniques. This study is further research extended from previous work in which the kriging method was applied in elevation modelling. In the previous research, it was shown that kriging is a suitable tool for constructing an elevation model in a study area which presented glacial and postglacial clays. Therefore, it was rather simple to build a DEM in that area by using the ordinary kriging method for interpolation. However, in many locations in Finland, it is not simple to build a DEM. The complex structure of the land formation may result in a complicated structure. Quaternary deposits consist of elongated moraine ridges that affect the geomorphology and, so, the elevation model. In Finland, the elevation model of moraine ridge areas is important because sources of fresh water are situated in these kinds of land formations. Mapping of the groundwater areas is necessary because of the EU directives. The aim of this research is to present a comparison of two kriging approaches in building elevation models. In the first one, elevation model is built by using the same variogram model in the whole study area. The second kriging approach uses geological expert knowledge in order to divide the study area into three sub-areas, a clay-dominated area in the west and east and a moraine ridge in the centre. It was shown that expert knowledge of Quaternary deposits can be applied in digital elevation modelling in order to produce a higher-quality result.