Evaluation of the risks of shedding Salmonellae and other potential pathogens by therapy dogs fed raw diets in Ontario and Alberta
Evaluation of the risks of shedding Salmonellae and other potential pathogens by therapy dogs fed raw diets in Ontario and Alberta
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1863-2378.2008.01145.x
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发表时间：
2008-10-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Weese, J. S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Lefebvre, S. L.;Reid-Smith, R.;Weese, J. S.
参与动物辅助干预（AAI）的狗，通常被称为“治疗狗”，通常与免疫系统功能不佳的人类互动。尽管有越来越多的证据表明生肉经常被沙门氏菌污染，但向这些动物喂食生肉（包括家禽）的可食用性仍然是一个极具争议的问题。我们着手确定食用生肉是否会影响治疗犬脱落沙门氏菌和其他病原体的风险。从安大略和阿尔伯塔招募了200只健康的治疗犬。在2005年5月至2006年11月期间，沿着每2个月采集一次每只犬的粪便标本，并记录到访地点、家中抗菌剂使用情况、犬健康状况和饮食。对标本进行沙门氏菌、耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）、耐万古霉素肠球菌（VRE）、超广谱头孢菌素酶（ESC）大肠埃希菌和艰难梭菌培养。据报道，40只（20%）狗在一年中的某个时候喂过生肉。饲喂生肉的犬沙门氏菌散毒发生率为0.61例/犬年，而未饲喂生肉的犬为0.08例/犬年（P < 0.001）。控制治疗犬组、重复测量以及样本提交前2个月的猪耳消耗和腹泻，食用生肉的犬在一年内至少一次沙门氏菌检测阳性的可能性显著高于不食用生肉的犬[比值比（OR）22.7; 95%置信区间（CI）3.1-58.8; P < 0.001]。特定的沙门氏菌血清型在食用生肉的狗中比那些不包括沙门氏菌的狗更常见。鼠伤寒沙门氏菌S. Heidelberg和S.肯塔基州。生肉的摄入量也与ESC E的脱落显著相关。大肠杆菌（OR 17.2; 95%CI 9.4-32.3）。C之间没有关联。艰难梭菌、耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）或万古霉素耐药肠球菌（VRE）的检出率及生肉的食用量。我们建议将喂食生肉的狗排除在AAI计划之外，特别是当该计划涉及与感染高风险或因感染而产生不良后遗症的人类互动时。此外，尽管AAI犬可能不能代表一般犬只群体，但我们也建议在免疫功能低下的人居住的家庭中避免给犬只喂食生肉。
Dogs that participate in animal-assisted interventions (AAIs), often called 'therapy dogs', commonly interact with humans whose immune systems are not functioning optimally. The advisability of feeding raw meat (including poultry) to these animals remains a highly contentious issue, in spite of increasing evidence that raw meat is frequently contaminated with Salmonella. We set out to determine if consuming raw meat influences the risk of therapy dogs shedding Salmonella and other pathogens. Two hundred healthy therapy dogs from Ontario and Alberta were enrolled. Between May 2005 and November 2006, fecal specimens were collected from each dog every 2 months for 1 year, along with a log of places visited, antimicrobial use within the home, dog health status and diet. Specimens were cultured for Salmonella, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), extended-spectrum cephalosporinase (ESC) Escherichia coli and Clostridium difficile. Forty (20%) of the dogs were reported to have been fed raw meat at some point during the year. The incidence rate of Salmonella shedding in the raw meat-fed dogs was 0.61 cases/dog-year, compared with 0.08 cases/dog-year in dogs that were not fed raw meat (P < 0.001). Controlling for therapy dog group, the repeated measures, and pig ear consumption and diarrhoea in the 2 months prior to specimen submission, dogs that consumed raw meat were significantly more likely to test positive for Salmonellaat least once during the year than dogs that did not eat raw meat [odds ratio (OR) 22.7; 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.1-58.8; P < 0.001]. Specific Salmonella serovars were more common among dogs that consumed raw meat versus those that did not include S. Typhimurium, S. Heidelberg and S. Kentucky. Raw meat consumption was also significantly associated with shedding ESC E. coli (OR 17.2; 95% CI 9.4-32.3). No associations between C. difficile, MRSA or VRE and consumption of raw meat were detected. We recommend that dogs fed raw meat should be excluded from AAI programmes, particularly when the programmes involve interaction with humans at high risk of infection or adverse sequelae attributable to infection. Furthermore, although AAI dogs may not be representative of the general population of dogs, we also recommend that feeding of raw meat to dogs is to be avoided in homes where immunocompromised people live.