Emulating Many-Body Localization with a Superconducting Quantum Processor
Emulating Many-Body Localization with a Superconducting Quantum Processor
复制标题
使用超导量子处理器模拟多体定位
DOI：
10.1103/physrevlett.120.050507
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
8.6
通讯作者：
Fan Heng
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Xu Kai;Chen Jin-Jun;Zeng Yu;Zhang Yu-Ran;Song Chao;Liu Wuxin;Guo Qiujiang;Zhang Pengfei;Xu Da;Deng Hui;Huang Keqiang;Wang H.;Zhu Xiaobo;Zheng Dongning;Fan Heng
统计物理定律规定，在非平衡状态下初始化的通用封闭量子多体系统将在其自身的动力学作用下热化。然而，由于相互作用和无序之间的相互作用，多体定位（MBL）的出现，与安德森定位形成鲜明对比，安德森定位仅解决无序存在下的非相互作用粒子，极大地挑战了这一概念，因为它阻止了系统进化到遍历热化状态。 MBL 的一个关键证据是纠缠熵的长期对数增长，由于多量子位单次测量和量子态断层扫描的实验挑战，对其直接观察仍然难以捉摸。在这里，我们提出了一个使用 10 量子位超导量子处理器完全模拟 MBL 动力学的实验，它代表了一个具有可编程无序和长程自旋-自旋相互作用的自旋模型。我们提供了 MBL 的基本特征，例如由于初始非平衡而导致的不平衡、违反本征态热化假说，更重要的是，纠缠熵长期对数增长的直接证据。我们的研究结果为在大规模多量子位超导量子处理器平台上精确模拟量子多体系统的有趣物理奠定了坚实的基础。
The law of statistical physics dictates that generic closed quantum many-body systems initialized in nonequilibrium will thermalize under their own dynamics. However, the emergence of many-body localization (MBL) owing to the interplay between interaction and disorder, which is in stark contrast to Anderson localization, which only addresses noninteracting particles in the presence of disorder, greatly challenges this concept, because it prevents the systems from evolving to the ergodic thermalized state. One critical evidence of MBL is the long-time logarithmic growth of entanglement entropy, and a direct observation of it is still elusive due to the experimental challenges in multiqubit single-shot measurement and quantum state tomography. Here we present an experiment fully emulating the MBL dynamics with a 10-qubit superconducting quantum processor, which represents a spin-model featuring programmable disorder and long-range spin-spin interactions. We provide essential signatures of MBL, such as the imbalance due to the initial nonequilibrium, the violation of eigenstate thermalization hypothesis, and, more importantly, the direct evidence of the long-time logarithmic growth of entanglement entropy. Our results lay solid foundations for precisely simulating the intriguing physics of quantum many-body systems on the platform of large-scale multiqubit superconducting quantum processors.