Integration of DNA barcoding into an ongoing inventory of complex tropical biodiversity
Integration of DNA barcoding into an ongoing inventory of complex tropical biodiversity
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1755-0998.2009.02628.x
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发表时间：
2009-05-01
影响因子：
7.7
通讯作者：
Wilson, John J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Janzen, Daniel H.;Hallwachs, Winnie;Wilson, John J.
1978年，在哥斯达黎加西北部的瓜纳卡斯特保护区（ACG）开始对毛虫、其食用植物和拟寄生虫进行清点。这个复杂的马赛克120 000公顷的保护和再生干燥，云和雨林超过0-2000米的海拔包含至少10 000种非采叶毛虫使用的5000多种寄生虫。包括大多数合著者在内的许多分类学家对ACG饲养的数十万成虫鳞翅目和寄生蜂标本进行了深入和广泛的形态学研究。DNA条形码-使用标准化的短线粒体DNA序列来识别标本并清除未公开的物种-于2003年被添加到分类识别过程中。条形码已被发现是非常准确的鉴定过程中的约100 000标本的约3500种形态定义的成虫蛾，蝴蝶，寄蝇，寄生蜂。不到1%的物种具有如此相似的条形码，以至于基于分子的分类鉴定是不可能的。当其条形码与条形码库进行比较时，没有错误识别具有完整条形码的标本。正如早期试验所预期的那样，对所有形态学定义的物种进行条形码化，并将形态学，生态学和条形码特征相关联，已经揭示了数百个被忽视的推定物种。许多但不是所有这些神秘的物种现在可以区分微妙的形态和/或生态特征以前归因于“变异”或被认为是微不足道的物种水平的识别。将DNA条形码添加到库存中大大提高了库存的质量和深度，并大大增加了需要进一步分类工作才能解决的情况的数量。
Inventory of the caterpillars, their food plants and parasitoids began in 1978 for today's Area de Conservacion Guanacaste (ACG), in northwestern Costa Rica. This complex mosaic of 120 000 ha of conserved and regenerating dry, cloud and rain forest over 0-2000 m elevation contains at least 10 000 species of non-leaf-mining caterpillars used by more than 5000 species of parasitoids. Several hundred thousand specimens of ACG-reared adult Lepidoptera and parasitoids have been intensively and extensively studied morphologically by many taxonomists, including most of the co-authors. DNA barcoding - the use of a standardized short mitochondrial DNA sequence to identify specimens and flush out undisclosed species - was added to the taxonomic identification process in 2003. Barcoding has been found to be extremely accurate during the identification of about 100 000 specimens of about 3500 morphologically defined species of adult moths, butterflies, tachinid flies, and parasitoid wasps. Less than 1% of the species have such similar barcodes that a molecularly based taxonomic identification is impossible. No specimen with a full barcode was misidentified when its barcode was compared with the barcode library. Also as expected from early trials, barcoding a series from all morphologically defined species, and correlating the morphological, ecological and barcode traits, has revealed many hundreds of overlooked presumptive species. Many but not all of these cryptic species can now be distinguished by subtle morphological and/or ecological traits previously ascribed to 'variation' or thought to be insignificant for species-level recognition. Adding DNA barcoding to the inventory has substantially improved the quality and depth of the inventory, and greatly multiplied the number of situations requiring further taxonomic work for resolution.