Off-grid energy services for the poor: Introducing LED lighting in the Millennium Villages Project in Malawi
Off-grid energy services for the poor: Introducing LED lighting in the Millennium Villages Project in Malawi
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DOI：
10.1016/j.enpol.2009.10.061
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发表时间：
2010-02-01
期刊：
影响因子：
9
通讯作者：
Modi, Vijay
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Adkins, Edwin;Eapen, Sandy;Modi, Vijay
使用由电池供电的发光二极管(LED)的灯笼，由电网电力或小型太阳能电池板充电，已成为煤油和其他基于燃料的照明技术的一种具有成本竞争力的替代技术，随着时间的推移，以同等或更低的成本提供更明亮的照明。本文介绍了马拉维农村地区引进太阳能LED灯笼的经验教训。我们讨论了一个以市场为基础的计划，利用新的和现有的当地商业结构，如小贩和合作社，向农村家庭出售灯笼，而不需要补贴。白皮书讨论了企业发展、社区互动以及LED灯具引入前后照明使用和支出模式的调查数据。购买了灯笼的家庭报告说，他们对LED灯笼的满意度很高，而且每年节省的煤油支出与灯笼的价格相当。这些家庭的月收入也与LED灯笼的价格相当，而接受调查的未采用者报告的月收入约为这个水平的一半，这表明需要融资选择，以最大限度地扩大农村贫困人口的采用。这些结果表明，类似的基于市场的LED照明技术传播模式有可能在发展中国家的其他离网地区复制和扩大。然而，当地合作社和灯笼产品供应链在中长期的可行性仍有待评估。(C)2009爱思唯尔有限公司。保留所有权利。
Lanterns that use light-emitting diodes (LEDs) powered by batteries, which are in turn charged by grid electricity or small solar panels, have emerged as a cost-competitive alternative to kerosene and other fuel-based lighting technologies, offering brighter light for longer duration at equal or lower cost over time. This paper presents lessons learned from the introduction of solar LED lanterns in rural Malawi. We discuss a market-based program using new and existing local commercial structures such as vendors and cooperatives to sell lanterns to village households without subsidy. The paper addresses issues of enterprise development, community interactions, and survey data on lighting use and expenditure patterns before and after LED lantern introduction. Households that purchased a lantern reported high levels of satisfaction with the LED lanterns as well as savings in annual kerosene expenditure comparable to the price of the lantern. These households also reported monthly incomes comparable to the price of the LED lanterns whereas non-adopters surveyed reported monthly incomes about half this level, suggesting a need for financing options to maximize adoption among poorer populations in rural areas. These results suggest that similar market based models of LED lighting technology dissemination have the potential to be replicated and scaled up in other off-grid regions in developing countries. However, viability of local cooperatives and supply chains for lantern products over the medium-to-long term remain to be assessed. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.