Charting oxidized methylcytosines at base resolution.
Charting oxidized methylcytosines at base resolution.
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DOI：
10.1038/nsmb.3071
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发表时间：
2015-09
影响因子：
16.8
通讯作者：
Zhang Y
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wu H;Zhang Y
DNA胞嘧啶甲基化（5-甲基胞嘧啶）是一个关键的表观遗传标记，是正常发育所必需的。在哺乳动物基因组中，DNA双加氧酶的泰特家族对5 mC的重复氧化产生三种氧化的核苷酸，5-羟甲基胞嘧啶（5 hmC）、5-甲酰基胞嘧啶（5 fC）和5-羧基胞嘧啶（5caC）。这些氧化碱基的基因组定位技术的最新进展表明，5 hmC/5 fC/5caC不仅在功能上与5 mC的主动逆转过程相关，而且还可能具有独特的调节功能。这种观点强调了这些氧化胞嘧啶碱基在哺乳动物基因组中的潜在基因调控功能，并讨论了最近开发的碱基分辨率映射技术的原则和局限性。
DNA cytosine methylation (5-methylcytosines) represents a key epigenetic mark and is required for normal development. Iterative oxidation of 5mC by TET family of DNA dioxygenases generates three oxidized nucleotides, 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), 5-formylcytosine (5fC), and 5-carboxycytosine (5caC), in the mammalian genome. Recent advances in genomic mapping techniques for these oxidized bases suggest that 5hmC/5fC/5caC are not only functionally relevant to the process of active reversal of 5mC, but may also possess unique regulatory functions. This perspective highlights the potential gene regulatory functions of these oxidized cytosine bases in the mammalian genome, and discusses the principles and limitations of recently developed base-resolution mapping technologies.