Episodic Magma Hammers for the 15 January 2022 Cataclysmic Eruption of Hunga Tonga‐Hunga Ha'apai
Episodic Magma Hammers for the 15 January 2022 Cataclysmic Eruption of Hunga Tonga‐Hunga Ha'apai
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DOI：
10.1029/2023gl102763
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发表时间：
2023-04
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Yingcai Zheng;Hao Hu;F. Spera;M. Scruggs;G. Thompson;Yuesu Jin;T. Lapen;S. McNutt;K. Mandli;Zhigang Peng;D. Yuen
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作者：
Yingcai Zheng;Hao Hu;F. Spera;M. Scruggs;G. Thompson;Yuesu Jin;T. Lapen;S. McNutt;K. Mandli;Zhigang Peng;D. Yuen
理解几秒到几分钟的时间尺度上的力和岩浆系统动力学仍然具有挑战性。在2022年1月的匈牙利-汤加-匈牙利哈阿派火山喷发中，在加强的早期喷发阶段，在5分钟的间隔内发生了4次非常相似的地震子喷发。子事件在波形和持续时间上相似(∼各25，S)。每个子事件从一个不寻常的负P波极性开始，使用全波地震模拟推断，这是由火山的向上单力机制造成的，可能是对喷发早期岩浆流阻塞/收缩的反应，因为流量在数量级上迅速增加，伴随着管道几何结构的演变和不稳定。我们提出的幕式岩浆锤模型与岩浆混合物的热力学和相态性质相一致，并给出了与从卫星羽流高度图像得出的喷口流量相一致的管道质量流量的估计。
Understanding the forces and magma system dynamics on timescales of seconds to minutes remains challenging. In the January 2022 phreatoplinian Hunga Tonga‐Hunga Ha'apai eruption, four remarkably similar seismic subevents within a 5‐min interval occurred during the intensifying early eruptive phase. The subevents are similar in waveforms and durations (∼25 s each). Each subevent begins with an unusual negative P‐wave polarity which is inferred, using full‐wave seismic modeling, to be caused by an upward single‐force mechanism at the volcano created by a magma hammer likely in response to magma flow blockage/constriction during the early part of the eruption as discharge rapidly increased over orders of magnitude with concomitant conduit geometry evolution and instability. Our proposed episodic magma hammer model is consistent with thermodynamic and phase properties of the magmatic mixture, and yields an estimate of conduit mass flow in agreement with vent discharge rates derived from satellite imagery of plume heights.