Identification of subsistence fishers, fishing areas, resource use and activities along the South African coast
Identification of subsistence fishers, fishing areas, resource use and activities along the South African coast
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查明南非沿海自给渔民、捕鱼区、资源利用和活动
DOI：
10.2989/025776102784528574
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发表时间：
2002
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
E. Russell
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
B. M. Clark;M. Hauck;Jean M. Harris;K. Salo;E. Russell
报告介绍了为广泛了解自给性或个体渔民的分布和人数及其在南非沿着的活动、协助制定管理议定书和完善自给性捕鱼的现有定义而进行的研究。研究期间共采访了200人，确定了约147个渔业社区，估计有28338户渔民家庭和29233人可能被视为自给渔民。这些渔民大多数在东海岸发现，超过75%在夸祖鲁-纳塔尔南部和前特兰斯凯。他们生活在农村和城市环境中，从潮间带、潮下带和近岸环境中收获各种不同的物种。潮间带捕捞是东海岸沿着大部分地区的主要活动，其次是潮下带捕捞。在那里，需要使用船只的近岸资源的收获相对不重要。相比之下，近岸资源的采集是西海岸最重要的活动，潮间带和潮下带资源的采集虽然不那么重要，但同等重要。鱼类、岩石潮间带无脊椎动物和桑迪海滩无脊椎动物被整个海岸的自给渔民捕捞，而河口无脊椎动物则主要分布在东海岸的南部和北方地区。某些高价值的资源，如牡蛎（主要是Striostrea margaritacea）、岩龙虾Jasus lalandii和Palinurus homarus以及鲍鱼Haliotis midae也被捕捞。渔民自己通常不消费这些鱼，而是出售以赚取收入，从事这些活动的人应更准确地被视为小规模商业渔民，而不是自给性渔民。西开普省的渔民使用机动船的比例很高。那里的渔民也比该国其他地区的渔民分布更远。不过，一般而言，自给性渔民往往住在靠近其收获点的地方，大多数在10公里以内。这些结果进行了讨论，根据现有的看法，什么是自给性渔民，并强调了一些困难，确定标准来定义自给性渔民和制定适当的管理战略。
A description is given of the research undertaken to provide a broad overview of the distribution and numbers of people who are subsistence or artisanal fishers and their activities along the coast of South Africa, to assist in the formulation of management protocols and to refine the existing definition of subsistence fishing. In total, 200 people were interviewed during the study, resulting in the identification of about 147 fishing communities, an estimated 28 338 fisher households and 29 233 people who potentially could be considered as subsistence fishers. Most of these fishers were found on the East Coast, more than 75% in southern KwaZulu-Natal and the former Transkei. They live in both rural and urban settings and harvest a variety of different species from intertidal, shallow subtidal and nearshore environments. Intertidal harvesting was the dominant activity along most of the East Coast, followed closely by subtidal harvesting. Harvesting nearshore resources that require the use of a boat was relatively unimportant there. By contrast, harvesting of nearshore resources was the most important activity on the West Coast, intertidal and subtidal resources being of lesser, but equal importance. Fish, rocky intertidal invertebrates and sandy beach invertebrates are harvested by subsistence fishers around the entire coast, whereas estuarine invertebrates feature prominently on the southern and northern regions of the East Coast. Certain high-value resources such as oysters (mainly Striostrea margaritacea), rock lobsters Jasus lalandii and Palinurus homarus and abalone Haliotis midae are also taken. These are not usually consumed by the fishers themselves, but are rather sold to generate income, and the people undertaking these activities should more accurately be considered as small-scale commercial fishers than subsistence fishers. A high proportion of the fishers in the South-Western Cape make use of motorized vessels. Fishers there also range over longer distances than those in other parts of the country. In general, however, subsistence fishers tend to live close to their point of harvest, mostly within 10 km. These results are discussed in the light of existing perceptions about what constitutes a subsistence fisher, and some of the difficulties in identifying criteria to define subsistence fishers and in developing appropriate management strategies are highlighted.