Defensive behavior in rats towards predatory odors: a review
Defensive behavior in rats towards predatory odors: a review
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DOI：
10.1016/s0149-7634(01)00044-6
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发表时间：
2001-12-01
影响因子：
8.2
通讯作者：
McGregor, IS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dielenberg, RA;McGregor, IS
对啮齿动物（主要是猫）对掠食性气味的反应的研究为了解防御行为的本质提供了有用的见解。这篇文章回顾了这一领域的工作，重点是我们实验室最近开发的一种行为范式，在这种范式中，我们给老鼠戴上一块以前被猫戴过的织物项圈。受到这种刺激的老鼠大部分时间都在进行一种我们称之为“探出头”的行为，在这种行为中，老鼠从一个隐藏的盒子里探出头来，扫描周围的环境。周期性地“平背接近”和“警惕饲养”猫的气味来源，以及抑制非防御性行为，如运动活动和梳理。猫的气味会导致血压持续升高（15mm, Hg），但不会对心率产生很大影响。老鼠会对与猫气味配对的环境和线索产生条件性恐惧。C-fos免疫组化表明，猫气味选择性地激活了一条涉及杏仁核内侧、下丘脑腹内侧和背内侧、乳前核背侧和导水管周围灰质的防御行为回路。急性给予苯二氮卓类咪达唑仑（0.375 mg/kg）可减弱对猫气味的防御反应，而长期给予SSRI抗抑郁药和急性酒精则发挥更温和的抗焦虑作用。对猫气味的行为反应与对三甲基噻唑啉（TMT：狐狸气味）的反应非常不同，后者的效果更像对令人厌恶的腐烂气味的反应。结论是猫的气味是一个有用的工具，阐明行为，神经，药理学和自主方面的防御行为和焦虑。(C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd.版权所有。
Studies of the response of rodents to predatory odors (mainly cat) have provided useful insights into the nature of defensive behavior. This article reviews work in this area with a focus on a behavioral paradigm recently developed in our laboratory in which we present rats with a piece of fabric collar that has been previously worn by a cat. Rats presented with this stimulus spent most of their time engaged in a behavior we call 'head out' in which the rat pokes its head out from a hide box and scans the environment. Periodic 'flat back approaches' and 'vigilant rearing' towards the cat odor source are seen as well as inhibition of non-defensive behaviors such as locomotor activity and grooming. Cat odor causes a sustained increase in blood pressure (>15 mm, Hg) without greatly affecting heart beat rate. Rats will develop conditioned fear to both contexts and cues that have been paired with cat odor. C-fos immunohistochemistry indicates that cat odor selectively activates a defensive behavior circuit involving the medial amygdala, ventromedial and dorsomedial hypothalamus, dorsal premammillary nucleus and the periaqueductal gray. The defensive response to cat odor is attenuated by acute administration of the benzodiazepine midazolam (0.375 mg/kg), with chronically administered SSRI antidepressants and acute alcohol exerting more modest anxiolytic effects. The behavioral response to cat odor is very different to that seen to trimethylthiazoline (TMT: fox odor) which has effects more like those seen to an aversive putrid odor. It is concluded that cat odor is a useful tool for elucidating behavioral, neural, pharmacological and autonomic aspects of defensive behavior and anxiety. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.