Relationship between water, sanitation, hygiene, and nutrition: what do Link NCA nutrition causal analyses say?
Relationship between water, sanitation, hygiene, and nutrition: what do Link NCA nutrition causal analyses say?
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DOI：
10.3362/1756-3488.17-00005
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发表时间：
2017-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Aissa, M. A.
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文献类型：
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作者：
Dodos, J.;Mattern, B.;Aissa, M. A.
联合国儿童基金会将营养不良定义为“食物摄入不足和反复感染疾病的结果”，营养不良是世界上最严重的问题之一，对健康产生长期有害影响，并对社会和经济发展造成破坏性后果。营养不良的三个主要根本原因，即食物摄入量不适当或不足、护理不当和传染病，都直接或间接地与无法充分获得水、卫生设施和个人卫生习惯有关。越来越多的证据表明，讲卫生运动条件差，特别是卫生条件差，与发育迟缓（身高与年龄比低）之间存在联系。然而，应进一步探讨WASH干预措施对消瘦（体重身高比低）的影响以及环境肠道功能障碍（长期暴露于粪便病原体引起的小肠慢性感染）对营养不良的影响。反饥饿行动促进参与性的营养因果分析，即“联系国家营养评估”方法，用于分析营养不良的复杂、动态和当地具体原因。本文旨在评估2014年初至2016年底进行的12项最新Link NCA研究的主要发现。结果表明，不适当的讲卫生条件往往被确定为研究地区营养不良的主要因素。文章还提供了经验教训和一套切实可行的建议，以更好地协调和整合WASH和营养干预措施。
Defined by UNICEF as 'the outcome of insufficient food intake and repeated infectious diseases', undernutrition is one of the world's most serious problems, with long-lasting harmful impacts on health and devastating consequences for social and economic development. The three main underlying causes of undernutrition, namely unsuitable or insufficient food intake, poor care practices, and infectious diseases, are directly or indirectly related to inadequate access to water, sanitation facilities, and hygiene practices (WASH). There is a growing base of evidence showing the links between poor WASH conditions, especially exposure to poor sanitation, and stunting (low height for age ratio). However, the effects of WASH interventions on wasting (low weight for height ratio) and the impact of environmental enteric dysfunction (chronic infection of small intestine caused by extended exposure to faecal pathogens) on undernutrition should be explored further. Action Against Hunger (Action Contre la Faim) promotes a participatory nutrition causal analysis, the Link NCA methodology, which is used to analyse complex, dynamic, locally specific causes of undernutrition. This article aims to assess the main findings from 12 most recent Link NCA studies, conducted from the beginning of 2014 until the end of 2016. Results show that inadequate WASH conditions are often identified as major contributors to undernutrition in the study areas. The article also provides lessons learned and a set of practical recommendations for better alignment and integration of WASH and nutrition interventions.