Aging and individual differences in rapid two-choice decisions
Aging and individual differences in rapid two-choice decisions
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DOI：
10.3758/bf03193973
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发表时间：
2006-08-01
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
McKoon, Gail
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ratcliff, Roger;Thapar, Anjali;McKoon, Gail
年龄对表现的影响进行了检查，在信号检测，字母的歧视，亮度歧视，并识别记忆，与每个受试者进行测试的所有四个任务。拉特克利夫（1978）的扩散模型适用于每个受试者的每个任务的数据，它提供了一个很好的帐户的准确性和正确和错误的反应时间的分布。该模型对加工成分的分析表明，老化有三个主要影响：与大学生相比，60- 74岁和75- 85岁的受试者的非决策成分加工较慢，决策标准更为保守，但在某些任务上，年长的受试者和大学生的决策依据的证据质量一样好。个体之间的差异，在处理组件的主题往往被保存在整个任务中，所示的强相关性的任务中的参数的模型，代表的组件的处理。例如，如果受试者做出决定所依据的证据在一项任务中表现良好，那么它在所有四项任务中往往也表现良好。
The effects of aging on performance were examined in signal detection, letter discrimination, brightness discrimination, and recognition memory, with each subject tested on all four tasks. Ratcliff's (1978) diffusion model was fit to the data for each subject for each task, and it provided a good account of accuracy and the distributions of correct and error response times. The model's analysis of the components of processing showed that aging had three main effects: The nondecision components of processing were slower and the decision criteria were more conservative for 60- to 74-year-old and 75- to 85-year-old subjects than for college students, but the quality of the evidence on which decisions were based was as good for the older subjects as for college students on some of the tasks. Individual differences among subjects in components of processing tended to be preserved across the tasks, as was shown by strong correlations across the tasks in the parameters of the model that represent the components of processing. For example, if the evidence on which a subject's decisions were based was good in one task, it tended to be good in all four tasks.