Early-onset alcoholism with conduct disorder: Go/no go learning deficits, working memory capacity, and personality
Early-onset alcoholism with conduct disorder: Go/no go learning deficits, working memory capacity, and personality
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1530-0277.2002.tb02524.x
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发表时间：
2002-02-01
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Steinmetz, J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Finn, PR;Mazas, CA;Steinmetz, J
背景：两项研究旨在调查去抑制机制：(1) 将伴有品行障碍 (CD；反社会 EOA) 的早发性酗酒 (EOA) 与非反社会 EOA 亚型区分开来，(2) 与寻求新奇和低伤害避免相关。方法：患有反社会 EOA 的年轻人 (n = 96)、患有非反社会 EOA (无 CD；n = 80)、仅患有 CD (n = 50)、对照组 (n = 125) 接受两项进行/不进行任务（一项进行金钱损失，另一项进行休克惩罚）、数字广度测试（工作记忆容量）以及避免伤害、寻求新奇/冲动、寻求刺激和消极情感的人格测量。 结果：研究 1 表明，与非反社会 EOA 和对照组相比，反社会 EOA 受试者在进行/不进行任务以及金钱损失方面的行为抑制较差任务。低数字跨度分数加剧了反社会 EOA 对金钱损失的抑制作用，但对冲击任务没有抑制作用。数字跨度较低的 EOA 与冲击任务的较高命中率相关。研究 2 显示，与非反社会 EOA 和对照组相比，反社会 EOA 具有较高的寻求新奇/冲动性和较低的伤害避免能力。低伤害避免与电击惩罚的抑制作用差有关，并且这种关联是由 CD 介导的。对于数字广度得分较低的受试者，寻求新奇/冲动与对金钱损失惩罚的抑制能力较差以及对震惊惩罚的命中率较高有关。结论：结果表明有两种区分反社会和非反社会EOA的去抑制机制：在与寻求新奇/冲动相关的非厌恶环境中对奖励的敏感性增加，以及在与低伤害避免相关的厌恶环境中对惩罚的敏感性降低。结果还表明，EOA 和寻求新奇/冲动与工作记忆能力较低的人对奖励的更大反应有关。
Background: Two studies were conducted to investigate the disinhibitory mechanisms that (1) discriminate early-onset alcoholism (EOA) with conduct disorder (CD; antisocial EOA) from a nonantisocial subtype of EOA and (2) are associated with novelty-seeking and low harm avoidance.Methods: Young adults with antisocial EOA (n = 96), with nonantisocial EOA (without CD; n = 80), with CD alone (n = 50), and controls (n = 125) were given two go/no go tasks (one with monetary loss and the other with shock punishment), the Digit Span test (working memory capacity), and personality measures of harm avoidance, novelty-seeking/impulsivity, excitement-seeking, and negative affectivity.Results: Study 1 revealed that antisocial EOA subjects had poor behavioral inhibition compared with nonantisocial EOAs and controls on both go/no go tasks and with the CD-alone group on the monetary-loss task. Low Digit Span scores accentuated poor inhibition in antisocial EOAs on the monetary loss, but not the shock task. EOA with low Digit Span was associated with higher hit rates on the shock task. Study 2 revealed that antisocial EOAs had high novelty-seeking/impulsivity and low harm avoidance compared with both nonantisocial EOAs and controls. Low harm avoidance was associated with poor inhibition with shock punishment, and this association was mediated by CD. For subjects with low Digit Span scores, novelty-seeking/impulsivity was associated with poor inhibition to monetary-loss punishment and higher hit rates to shock punishment.Conclusions: The results suggest two disinhibitory mechanisms that distinguish antisocial from nonantisocial EOA: an increased sensitivity to reward in nonaversive contexts associated with novelty-seeking/impulsivity and a decreased sensitivity to punishment in aversive contexts associated with low harm avoidance. Results also suggest that EOA and novelty-seeking/impulsivity are associated with a greater response to rewards in those with low working memory capacity.